An Eye on COVID-19: A Meta-analysis of Positive Conjunctival Reverse Transcriptase–Polymerase Chain Reaction and SARS-CoV-2 Conjunctivitis Prevalence

Sopp, Nicole M; Sharda, Vandhana

doi:10.1097/opx.0000000000001687

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…However, the overall benefits of the COVID-19 vaccine in preventing COVID-19 are well established. The incidence rate of ocular manifestations after receiving the vaccine is considerably lower than the prevalence rate of ocular symptoms in COVID-19 patients [51]. In conclusion, although ocular manifestations may develop after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, people are still encouraged to get vaccinated since the benefits outweigh the risks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Ocular Manifestations after Receiving COVID-19 Vaccine: A Systematic Review

Lee

Huang

2021

Vaccines

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had profound and lasting consequences since 2019. Although vaccines against COVID-19 have been developed and approved under emergency use authorization, various adverse events have also been reported after COVID-19 vaccination. This review was undertaken to help clinicians recognize the possible manifestations and systemic pathogenesis, especially those related to the eye, after receiving COVID-19 vaccination. A systemic search was performed on 22 August 2021 through Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Library for publications on ocular manifestations after COVID-19 vaccination. Two case-control studies/retrospective cohort studies, one cross-sectional study, three case series, sixteen case reports, two images, and seven letters were included. Ocular manifestations after receiving COVID-19 vaccines may appear on the eyelid, cornea and ocular surface, retina, uvea, nerve, and vessel. The ocular manifestations occurred up to forty-two days after vaccination, and vaccine-induced immunologic responses may be responsible. Although the incidence rate of ocular symptoms is considerably lower in the vaccinated subjects than in COVID-19 patients, physicians should be aware of the possible associations between COVID-19 vaccines and ocular symptoms for the early diagnosis and treatment of vision problems or life-threatening complications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Ocular Manifestations after Receiving COVID-19 Vaccine: A Systematic Review

Lee

Huang

2021

Vaccines

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“…Although early studies discarded SARS-CoV-2-OSC detection of [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], conjunctival and corneal tissue connects with the upper respiratory tract [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] and contains angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors (ACE-2-R) for virus entry into host cells before replication of new virus particles that infect more cells [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Our previous studies revealed conjunctivitis in 6–32% of COVID-19 patients [ 1 ], and most orbital retractors were contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 during midfacial fracture repair [ 2 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is orbital wall fracture associated with SARS-CoV-2 ocular surface contamination in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients?

et al. 2022

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Objectives To assess the relationship between orbital wall fractures connecting to paranasal sinuses (OWF-PNS) and SARS-CoV-2 ocular surface contamination (SARS-CoV-2-OSC) in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. Methods This was a prospective case–control study enrolling two asymptomatic COVID-19 patient cohorts with vs. without OWF-PNS in the case–control ratio of 1:4. All subjects were treated in a German level 1 trauma center during a one-year interval. The main predictor variable was the presence of OWF-PNS (case/control); cases with preoperative conjunctival positivity of SARS-CoV-2 were excluded to rule out the possibility of viral dissemination via the lacrimal gland and/or the nasolacrimal system. The main outcome variable was laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-OSC (yes/no). Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed with a statistically significant P ≤ 0.05. Results The samples comprised 11 cases and 44 controls (overall: 27.3% females; mean age, 52.7 ± 20.3 years [range, 19–85]). There was a significant association between OWF-PNS and SARS-CoV-2-OSC (P = 0.0001; odds ratio = 20.8; 95% confidence interval = 4.11–105.2; R-squared = 0.38; accuracy = 85.5%), regardless of orbital fracture location (orbital floor vs. medial wall versus both; P = 1.0). Conclusions Asymptomatic COVID-19 patients with OWF-PNS are associated with a considerable and almost 21-fold increase in the risk of SARS-CoV-2-OSC, in comparison with those without facial fracture. This could suggest that OWF-PNS is the viral source, requiring particular attention during manipulation of ocular/orbital tissue to prevent viral transmission.

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“… 13 A recent meta-analysis provided an overall prevalence estimate of 6.2% for conjunctivitis among patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, although even this was skewed heavily by the aforementioned outlier. 14 The overall consensus from the existing literature is that ocular manifestations of COVID-19 are uncommon. 4 , 11 , 12 , 14 In addition, only a small minority (estimated 2.7% in the same meta-analysis) of these patients will have detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in their ocular secretions.…”

Section: Better Understanding Of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and The Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

“… 14 The overall consensus from the existing literature is that ocular manifestations of COVID-19 are uncommon. 4 , 11 , 12 , 14 In addition, only a small minority (estimated 2.7% in the same meta-analysis) of these patients will have detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in their ocular secretions. 11 , 14 , 15…”

Section: Better Understanding Of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and The Eyementioning

confidence: 99%