An historical perspective on: Conserving What?—The basis for nature conservation reserves in New South Wales 1967–1989

Reed, Philip C.

doi:10.7882/az.1990.125

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Historical photos (e.g. Reed, 1990; Noble, 1997) reveal that at the end of the nineteenth century, degradation was so complete that not a blade of grass was left standing in many regions (Browne, 1972; Bayley, 1979).…”

Section: Examples Of Each Postulatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lunt, 1995). (3) Criteria other than ‘naturalness’ are required in the selection of conservation reserves or development of conservation programs (Reed, 1990; Oliver et al. , 2002).…”

Section: Examples Of Each Postulatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agricultural landscapes contain remnant ecosystems that have evolved from different historical management regimes, economies and political policies (Ihse, 1995). By detailing the history of human activity and resulting changes in vegetation structure, composition and pattern, we can examine biotic responses to novel anthropogenic disturbance processes and devise appropriate conservation strategies (Reed, 1990;Foster et al, 1998Foster et al, , 2003Naveh, 1998;Swetnam et al, 1999;Bowman, 2001;Miller & Hobbs, 2002;Ross et al, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Using historical ecology to understand patterns of biodiversity in fragmented agricultural landscapes

Lunt¹,

Spooner

2005

Journal of Biogeography

156

103

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Aim To enhance current attempts to understand biodiversity patterns by using an historical ecology approach to highlight the over‐riding influence of land‐use history in creating past, current and future patterns of biodiversity in fragmented agricultural landscapes. Methods We develop an integrative conceptual framework for understanding spatial and temporal variations in landscape patterns in fragmented agricultural landscapes by presenting five postulates (hypotheses) which highlight the important role of historical, anthropogenic disturbance regimes. We then illustrate each of these postulates with examples drawn from fragmented woodlands in agricultural areas of south‐eastern Australia, and discuss these findings in an international context. Location examples are drawn from agricultural areas in south‐eastern Australia. Results We conclude that there is limited potential to refine our understanding of patterns of biodiversity in human‐modified landscapes based on traditional concepts of island biogeography, or simple assumptions of ongoing destruction and degradation. Instead, we propose that in agricultural landscapes that were largely cleared over a century ago: (1) present‐day remnant vegetation patterns are not accidental, but are logically arrayed due to historic land‐use decisions, (2) historic anthropogenic disturbances have a major influence on current ecosystem conditions and diversity patterns, and (3) the condition of remnant ecosystems is not necessarily deteriorating rapidly. Main conclusions An historical ecology approach can enhance our understanding of why different species and ecosystem states occur where they do, and can explain internal variations in ecological conditions within remnant ecosystems, too often casually attributed to the ‘mess of history’. This framework emphasizes temporal changes (both past and future) in biotic patterns and processes in fragmented agricultural landscapes. Integration of spatially and temporally explicit historical land‐use information into ecological studies can prove extremely useful to test hypotheses of the effects of changes in landscape processes, and to enhance future research, restoration and conservation management activities.

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Section: Examples Of Each Postulatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lunt, 1995). (3) Criteria other than ‘naturalness’ are required in the selection of conservation reserves or development of conservation programs (Reed, 1990; Oliver et al. , 2002).…”

Section: Examples Of Each Postulatementioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Using historical ecology to understand patterns of biodiversity in fragmented agricultural landscapes

Lunt¹,

Spooner

2005

Journal of Biogeography

156

103

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“…Runte, 1979;Leader-Williams et al, 1990;Reed, 1990;Terborgh, 1992;Franklin, 1993). The recent development of more systematic approaches to selecting reserves reflects a perceived need to address representation more seriously and to derive explicit, defensible decisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shades of irreplaceability: towards a measure of the contribution of sites to a reservation goal

1994

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In most regions there are many possible ways of combining numbers of sites into reserve systems that represent a range of natural features. The 'irreplaceability' of a site is operationally defined as the percentage of these alternative systems in which it occurs. This is a fundamental measure of the conservation value of the site in terms of its potential contribution to the achievement of a reservation goal or, alternatively, the options for reservation that are lost if the site is lost. The measure allows decisions to be made on the future of individual sites in the context of their value, in combination with other sites, to the conservation of the full range of natural features in a region. It also provides a logical framework for the design of whole systems of reserves, with decisions proceeding from the most to the least irreplaceable. Irreplaceability can be measured directly for small data sets but must be predicted for regional data sets. A promising approach to prediction is discussed that requires validation with more extensive trials. The irreplaceability of a site depends on a specific reservation target and changes as some of the site's features become progressively represented in reserves elsewhere. The concept of irreplaceability undermines notions of conservation value that are static or based on a single static system of sites to achieve a reservation goal.

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“…Other articles on the development of the PA system in Australia include Frawley (1988), Hall (1988), Reed (1990) and Whitehouse (1990). The Western Australian experience in reserve creation, whilst not fundamentally different from that of other States, differs in particular details because of the distinctive geographical, political and scientific environment of the State.…”

Section: Odile Pouliquen-young*mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the system of protected areas in Western Australia

Pouliquen-Young

1997

Envir. Conserv.

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The Western Australian system of protected areas (PAs) covers more than 15 million ha and is the second largest conservation estate of the Australian continent. An analysis of the history of the creation of PAs in Western Australia shows that the concept of nature conservation through reserves was slow to emerge. During the early decades of the century, reserves were mainly created for their recreation values. The lack of governmental interest in nature conservation led to a belated development of reserve coverage up to the 1950s, while vast areas of land were opened to farming and pastoralism. Following two scientifically-based reviews of the PA system, the number and coverage of PAs increased dramatically up to the late 1970s. The rationalization of the vesting and managerial responsibilities for PAs was only finalized in the 1980s. Since then, there has not been any large increase in PA area but a consolidation of the PA coverage. The development of the system of PAs has been impeded by the belated response of Western Australian governments to conservation concerns and a 'worthless' land approach to conservation as a land use. While large-scale land alienation for agriculture has now stopped, other types of land uses such as mining and other aspirations over land management and vesting, such as Aboriginal land claims and forestry are now constraining any large expansion of the PA system. Only an approach embracing the whole landscape can overcome the political and social limitations of the concept of PAs and the further degradation of developed land in Western Australia.

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An historical perspective on: Conserving What?—The basis for nature conservation reserves in New South Wales 1967–1989

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Using historical ecology to understand patterns of biodiversity in fragmented agricultural landscapes

Using historical ecology to understand patterns of biodiversity in fragmented agricultural landscapes

Shades of irreplaceability: towards a measure of the contribution of sites to a reservation goal

Evolution of the system of protected areas in Western Australia

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