An Immediate Innate Immune Response Occurred In the Early Stage of E.granulosus Eggs Infection in Sheep: Evidence from Microarray Analysis

Hui, Wenqiao; Song, Jukun; Tang, Jiao; Hou, Hongyan; Chen, Sheng; Jia, Bin; Ban, Qian

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135096

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Sheep were screened for absence of hydatid cysts and were healthy prior to the experiment. According to the previous approach, the sheep were orally infected with E. granulosus eggs [ 18 ]. All the animals were sacrificed at 8 hours post-infection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA profiling of the intestinal tissue of Kazakh sheep after experimentalEchinococcus granulosusinfection, using a high-throughput approach

Song

Wang

et al. 2016

Parasite

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-Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by infection with the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus, is a chronic zoonosis, to which sheep are highly susceptible. Previously, we found that Kazakh sheep with different MHC haplotypes differed in CE infection. Sheep with haplotype MHCMvaIbc-SacIIab-Hin1Iab were resistant to CE infection, while their counterparts without this haplotype were not. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, are key regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play essential roles in fundamental biological processes such as development and metabolism. To identify microRNA controlling resistance to CE in the early stage of infection, microRNA profiling was conducted in the intestinal tissue of sheep with resistant and non-resistant MHC haplotypes after peroral infection with E. granulosus eggs. A total of 351 known and 186 novel miRNAs were detected in the resistant group, against 353 known and 129 novel miRNAs in the non-resistant group. Among these miRNAs, 83 known miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed, including 75 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated miRNAs. Among these known microRNAs, miR-21-3p, miR-542-5p, miR-671, miR-134-5p, miR-26b, and miR-27a showed a significantly higher expression in CE-resistant sheep compared to the CE-non-resistant library, with the FC > 3. Functional analysis showed that they were NF-kB pathway-responsive miRNAs, which are involved in the inflammation process. The results suggest that these microRNAs may play important roles in the response of intestinal tissue to E. granulosus.Key words: microRNA, Cystic Echinococcosis, Sheep, MHC haplotype. Résumé -Profilage des microARN du tissu intestinal des moutons Kazakh après infection expérimentale parEchinococcus granulosus, en utilisant une approche à haut débit. L'échinococcose kystique (EK), causée par infection par le stade larvaire du cestode Echinococcus granulosus, est une zoonose chronique, à laquelle les moutons sont particulièrement sensibles. Auparavant, nous avons constaté que les moutons Kazakh avec différents haplotypes de CMH différaient dans l'infection par EK. Les moutons avec l'haplotype MHC MvaIbc-SacIIabHin1Iab étaient résistants à l'infection par EK, tandis que leurs homologues sans cet haplotype ne l'étaient pas. Les microARN (miARN), une classe de petits ARN non-codants, sont des régulateurs-clés de l'expression des gènes au niveau post-transcriptionnel et jouent des rôles essentiels dans les processus biologiques fondamentaux tels que le développement et le métabolisme. Pour identifier les microARN contrôlant la résistance à EK dans le stade précoce de l'infection, un profilage des microARN a été réalisé dans le tissu de l'intestin des moutons d'haplotypes MHC résistants et non-résistants, après infection perorale par des oeufs d'E. granulosus. OPEN ACCESS RESEARCH ARTICLEplus élevée chez les moutons résistants à EK comparés à la bibliothèque des non-résistants, avec FC > 3. Une analyse fonctionnelle a montré que ce sont de...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA profiling of the intestinal tissue of Kazakh sheep after experimentalEchinococcus granulosusinfection, using a high-throughput approach

Song

Wang

et al. 2016

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“…A primary infection with oncospheres usually can induce total or a light degree of protection against a subsequent challenge. The created immunity to reinfection after a primary infection through either oral administration of E. granulosus eggs [ 22 ] and/or the parenteral injection of activated oncospheres or eggs had been reported [ 23 ]. In other words, natural immunity can be stimulated in intermediate host as the result of primary infection [ 13 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization of sheep against Echinococcus granulosus with protoscolex tegumental surface antigens

Valizadeh¹,

Behzad²,

Badirzadeh³

et al. 2017

Vet World

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Aim:Cystic echinococcosis (CE) has potential economic effects to both animal products and human health. A vaccine to protect livestock against CE can be effective in reducing economic costs and increasing the livestock products. Protoscolex tegumental surface antigens (PSTSA) used to induce the production of specific antibodies against Echinococcus granulosus in sheep. The tegumental antigens were extracted from viable protoscolices by solubilization in sterile phosphate-buffered saline containing decanoyl-N-methylglucamine.Materials and Methods:Ten lambs which were infected with CE (positive control), 10 negative control, and 10 test groups of sheep were included in the study. 300 µg emulsion of purified-PSTSA was injected intramuscularly in a two-step immunization on the first and 30 days. Sera were collected immediately before immunization and 6 times with 10-day intervals until 60 days post immunization. Thereafter, the sera were tested for antibodies by indirect hemagglutination test in microtiter plate.Results:After two immunizations, all the infected animals in test group showed substantial increases in antibody titer. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the titer obtained in the test and negative control groups in both phases of immunization (p<0.05).Conclusion:The results showed that the PSTSA is a promising immunogenic compound for immunization of sheep against CE.

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“…An established sheep model of primary cystic echinococcosis was used as previously described [ 20 ]. Briefly, one-year-old female healthy Kazakh sheep purchased from the No.165 farm, (Tacheng, Xinjiang) and were raised in parasite-free conditions of Shihezi University.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…granulosus eggs and the other three were kept as uninfected controls. The parasite eggs isolation and safety handling were described in our previous study [ 20 ]. After infection, the ultrasound was performed to detect the parasitic lesions or hydatid cyst on the liver per week.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…granulosus eggs, sheep are primary infection with CE, and the microarray analysis on gene expression profiles in the intestine of sheep were carried out by us. We found that the innate immunity response was activated in the parasite locating intestine stage of infection, which reflected the molecular immunological mechanism of early infection to some extent [ 20 ]. However, since parasite cysts are able to live for very long periods in the infected intermediated host, it is, therefore necessary to understand the mechanisms that E .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gene Expression Profile in the Liver of Sheep Infected with Cystic Echinococcosis

et al. 2016

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BackgroundCystic Echinococcosis (CE), caused by infection with the Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus), represents considerable health problems in both humans and livestock. Nevertheless, the genetic program that regulates the host response to E. granulosus infection is largely unknown. Previously, using microarray analysis, we found that the innate immunity played a vital role in the E. granulosus defense of the intestine tissue where E. granulosus first invaded. Subsequently, we turned our attention to investigating the molecular immune mechanism in its organ target, the liver, which is where the E. granulosus metacestodes are established and live for very long periods. In this work, the microarray-based methodology was used to study gene expression profiles in the liver of sheep infected with E. granulosus at 8 weeks post infection, corresponding to the early cystic established phase.MethodsA total of 6 female-1-year-old healthy Kazakh sheep were used for the experiments. Three Kazakh sheep were orally infected with E. granulosus eggs, and the others remained untreated and served as controls. Sheep were humanely euthanized and necropsized at 8 weeks post-infection (the early stage of cyst established). The microarray was used to detect differential hepatic gene expression between CE infection sheep and healthy controls at this time point. Real-time PCR was used to validate the microarray data.ResultsWe found that E. granulosus infection induces 153 differentially expressed genes in the livers of infected sheep compared with healthy controls. Among them, 87 genes were up-regulated, and 66 genes were notably down-regulated. Functional analysis showed that these genes were associated with three major functional categories: (a) metabolism, (b) the immune system and (c) signaling and transport. Deeper analysis indicated that complement together with other genes associated with metabolism, played important roles in the defense of E. granulosus infection.ConclusionThe present study identified genes profiling in the liver tissue of E. granulosus infection in sheep. The expression pattern obtained here could be helpful for understanding the molecular immunity mechanisms of host responses to E. granulosus infection. However, it is necessary to carry out further studies to evalute the role of these genes.

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An Immediate Innate Immune Response Occurred In the Early Stage of E.granulosus Eggs Infection in Sheep: Evidence from Microarray Analysis

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

MicroRNA profiling of the intestinal tissue of Kazakh sheep after experimentalEchinococcus granulosusinfection, using a high-throughput approach

MicroRNA profiling of the intestinal tissue of Kazakh sheep after experimentalEchinococcus granulosusinfection, using a high-throughput approach

Immunization of sheep against Echinococcus granulosus with protoscolex tegumental surface antigens

Gene Expression Profile in the Liver of Sheep Infected with Cystic Echinococcosis

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