An immunohistochemical study showing Ki-67 as an analytical marker in oral malignant and premalignant lesions

Abstract

A BSTRACT Introduction: Ki-67 is a nuclear protein. It is a proliferation marker that has an essential function in tumorigenesis due to its positive connection with tumor expansion. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the articulation of Ki‑67 as prognostic marker in various grades of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: A total of 100 histologically affirmed samples of normal oral mucosa (NOM), OED, and OSCC were divided into three groups—Group I (10 samples of normal oral mucosa), Group II (45 samples of OED), Group III (45 samples of OSCC). Routine hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining with Ki-67 monoclonal antibody were carried out in all the samples. Results: Within Group I, articulation of Ki-67 was constrained to the basal layers. In Group II, cells showing positive expression of Ki-67 were available in the basal, suprabasal, and spinous layers. Cells showing positive expression of Ki-67 among well-differentiated OSCC were presented mainly in the periphery of the tumor nests; in moderately differentiated OSCC, cells were located in both peripheral and part of a center of the tumor nests; and in most cases of poorly differentiated OSCC, cells were diffused. Statistically significant difference in positive expression of Ki-67 was appreciated between three groups. Conclusion: Ki-67 antigen may perhaps be used as a marker for the histological reviewing of OED and OSCC. With the increase in the severity of OED, cells showing positive expression of Ki-67 also increased.

Role of proliferative markers in assessing recurrences in surgical margins of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review

“…Included studies used p53 in four studies[ 4 5 6 7 ] in combination with p44/p42, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in OSCC[ 1 ] while with Ki-67, Bcl2 in oral leukoplakia and OSCC. [ 2 ] Cyclin B1 was used in one study,[ 3 ] AgNORs in two studies in OSCC[ 3 4 ] and one study in oral leukoplakia five and OSCC, Nibrin in OSCC,[ 8 ] Ki67 was used in eight studies along with AgNORs,[ 9 10 11 12 13 ] cornulin, ISG15 in OSCC,[ 14 15 ] MCMC-2[ 16 ] and three studies in oral leukoplakia and OSCC p53 from DAKO was used in dilution, 1:50 in one study along with PCNA (clone PC10) in dilution, 1:5000, phospho-p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/ERK2; Cell-Signaling, Technology R; dilution, 1:100, EGFR Ab-10, clone 111.6; Thermo Scientific; dilution, 1:100). All gave brown staining to the nucleus of epithelial cells.…”

“…[ 3 ] Ki-67 was used alone in five studies. [ 9 10 11 12 13 ] Out of which, four studies used Ki-67 from DAKO,[ 9 10 11 13 ] and one study was from Leica Biosynthesis,[ 12 ] which used positive control as ameloblastoma and Tris buffer saline as a negative control; all showed brown discolouration of nuclei of epithelium. In one study, Ki-87 was used with MCM3, both from DAKO, in dilution of 1:150 and 1:100, respectively.…”

“…Higher expression of all markers was observed, and it concluded that they all could be related to the prognosis of patients. [ 9 ]…”

“…Ki-67 was used alone in five studies. [ 9 10 11 12 13 ] In a study, there were 45 cases of oral premalignant lesions and 45 cases of OSCC[ 9 ]; in another study, there were 100 cases of OSCC[ 10 ] and 65 cases of oral premalignant and oral cancer. [ 11 ] Similarly, 102 cases of OSCC[ 12 ] and yet another study of 298 cases of OSCC[ 13 ] were studied to assess the immuno-expression of Ki-67.…”

Potential Immunohistochemical Biomarkers for Grading Oral Dysplasia: A Literature Review

“…The Ki-67 antigen can be used as a marker for histological evaluations of OED. According to Dash et al [ 69 ], as the severity of OED increases, the number of cells showing positive Ki-67 expression also increases. This is also confirmed by Mondal et al [ 70 ], who found that the differences in Ki-67 expression were statistically significant between normal mucosa and mild dysplasia, as well as between mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia.…”