An improved dual sensor summation method with application to four-component (4-C) seafloor seismic data from the Niger Delta

Abstract

Conventional towed streamer seismic acquisition has proven highly effective over the years for 3D subsurface imaging. However, in areas where water depths are too shallow or where there are too many obstacles for streamer operations, seabed seismic sensors have, in some cases, been employed as an alternative to image the subsurface. Apart from seabed seismic acquisition being extremely expensive compared to surface streamer, seabed seismic data are severely affected by receiver ghosts generated by water column reverberation. We present an improved method of summing the pressure (hydrophone data) and vertical geophone (geophone data) data to reduce the deleterious effects of ghosts and water column reverberations in a seabed seismic data acquired at water depths ranging from 21.1m to 40.0m in the Niger Delta. The method is based on the separation of up and down-going elastic wavefields from the geophone and hydrophone data, and provides an efficient noise rejection and amplitude preservation in the summed data.

Signal recovery and noise suppression of the Ocean‐Bottom Cable P‐component data based on improved dense convolutional network

“…Multi-component OBC data can improve seismic imaging and help image the underlying strata shielded by high-impedance geological bodies, such as salt dunes, igneous rocks and reefs, resulting in a more accurate evaluation of reservoirs, fluids, gas-water compounds, pore pressure and rock properties. Although seabed multi-component exploration technology has been rapidly developed, the processing of seabed OBC data remains a challenge, in which the attenuation of noise is still a key step (Bale, 1998;Ogagarue et al, 2010;Soubaras, 1996).…”

“…For the 3-C geophone, one component, called the Z-component, records the velocity of the particle motion in the vertical direction, and the other two components, called the X-and Y-components, record the X-and Y-components of the ground motion velocity. The recorded waveform can be considered a full waveform, consisting of compressional waves (P-waves, detected primarily by the hydrophone and Z-component geophone components) and shear waves (S-waves, detected by the X-and Y-component geophones) (Baar & Sanders, 1989;Ball & Corrigan, 1996;Ogagarue et al, 2010). However, the immediate goal of the acquisition is to image the P-wave data, and the hydrophone is capable of detecting more P-waves; therefore, the hydrophone data are considered more important.…”

Land Seismic Multiples Detection and Attenuation In Bornu-Chad Basin, Nigeria

“…Many orders of multiples could be generated in a seismic experiment, whereas primaries only arrive once from each reflector. As a result, multiples tend to be periodic whereas primaries are not [24,34,35,36]. In this Paper, 3D land seismic data is processed to detect and attenuate multiple reflections.…”