An improved gas chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of chloroquine and two metabolites using capillary columns

Bergqvist, Yngve; Eckerbom, Solveig

doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(00)80877-4

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A GC method has been reported for the simultaneous determination of CQ and metabolite DCQ and bideethyl CQ in human whole blood, plasma, and urine using the capillary column technique containing extraction with n-hexane-1-pentanol (90:10). [71] The LOQs were found to be 3 ng/mL for CQ and DCQ and 10 ng/mL for bideethyl CQ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Analytical Methods on Determination in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Materials of Chloroquine as Available for the Treatment of COVID-19

Saka

2020

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

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With the outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (COVID-19), people's health and existing economies on a global scale are seriously threatened. Currently, most of the countries all over the world are studying extensively to better understand the antimalarial chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for therapeutic purposes due to the COVID-19 outbreak. However, CQ and HCQ can have serious side effects, from psychiatric effects to sudden death. Therefore, a faster and more effective detection method is needed to monitor drug concentrations. In this review, a large study was conducted on the detection techniques and quantitative determination methods of CQ and its related metabolites. In this review, chromatography, electrophoresis, electroanalytical, spectroscopic, and immunological methods for CQ and related metabolites are discussed extensively. It is hoped that a better understanding of the CQ used for therapeutic purposes in the COVID-19 outbreak will be provided.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Analytical Methods on Determination in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Materials of Chloroquine as Available for the Treatment of COVID-19

Saka

2020

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

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“…On top of the reference official methods, many analytical methods; Spectrofluorimetry (Vogel and Konigk, 1975;Adelusi and Salako, 1980;Anbarasan et al, 2013), Spectrophotometry (Patel et al, 2005;Ofokansi et al, 2009;Aitha, 2013), HPLC (Vogel and Konigk, 1975;Chaulet et al, 1993;Abdelrahman et al, 1994;Walker and Ademowo, 1996;Paci et al, 2002;Patel et al, 2005;Samanidou et al, 2005), Gas chromatography (Bergquvist and Eckerbom, 1984), and Calorimetry (Kaseje and Brandling-Bennett, 1988) have been reported for determination of chloroquine phosphate from different dosage forms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validated UV-Visible spectrometry using water as a solvent for determination of chloroquine in tablet samples

Int¹

2019

Preprint

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Methods reported including the official methods for determination ofchloroquine in tablet samples use carcinogenic organic solvents. In this study,UV-Vis spectrometry using water as a solvent was developed for determination ofchloroquine phosphate in pharmaceutical tablet dosage forms. The method wasvalidated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) andUSP guidelines. The absorbance of chloroquine phosphate in distilled water at max of 343 nm showed linear dependence on concentration in the range 10.88-30.56μg mL-1 with determination coefficient of 0.99972. Recovery results in the range98.79–101.20% and low coefficient of variation values for intra-day and interdayprecisions (0.37% and 0.76%, respectively) showed the accuracy andreproducibility of the method. The method was used for determination ofchloroquine phosphate in tablet formulations of different brands. Results in therange 100.63–103.52% of the labeled chloroquine phosphate in tabletformulations confirmed the applicability of the developed method for real sampleanalysis. Hence, the developed UV-Vis method using environmentally friendlywater as a solvent, with an excellent accuracy and precision showed that thedeveloped method can be a potential substituent for the official referencemethods.

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Pharmacology of Antimalarial Drugs, Current Anti-malarials

Na‐Bangchang¹,

Karbwang²

2019

Encyclopedia of Malaria

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Currently available antimalarial drugs can be classified into four broad categories according to their chemical structures and modes of action. 1. Arylamino alcohol compounds: quinine, quinidine, chloroquine, amodiaquine, mefloquine, halofantrine, piperaquine, and lumefantrine 2. 8-Aminoquinoline: primaquine and tafenoquine 3. Antifolate compounds: sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine, proguanil, chlorproguanil, and trimethoprim 4. Artemisinin compounds: artemisinin, artesunate, artemether, b-arteether, and dihydroartemisinin 5. Others: atovaquoneand antibacterial drugs (tetracycline, doxycycline, and clindamycin) Arylamino Alcohol Antimalarials Chloroquine Chloroquine was first synthesized by Bayer in Germany as early as 1934. The initial clinical

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An improved gas chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of chloroquine and two metabolites using capillary columns

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Analytical Methods on Determination in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Materials of Chloroquine as Available for the Treatment of COVID-19

Analytical Methods on Determination in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Materials of Chloroquine as Available for the Treatment of COVID-19

Validated UV-Visible spectrometry using water as a solvent for determination of chloroquine in tablet samples

Pharmacology of Antimalarial Drugs, Current Anti-malarials

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