An Improved Laboratory Apparatus for Applying Direct Sprays and Surface Films, With Data on the Electrostatic Charge on Atomized Spray Fluids

Potter, C.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1952.tb00993.x

Cited by 267 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In all cases the arena and the insects were sprayed in situ using a Potter Tower (Burkard Ltd., UK) (Potter, 1952). Compressed nitrogen gas (10 lb/in 2 ) was used as a propellant.…”

Section: Infection Protocol With Fungal Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Lecanicillium longisporum infection on the behaviour of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae

Roditakis

Couzin

Franks³

et al. 2008

Journal of Insect Physiology

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The effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium longisporum (Zimmerman) Zare & Gams on three parameters of behaviour (feeding, reproduction and movement) of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) were investigated in the laboratory. Visual analysis of video tapes established that honeydew excretion events of mycosed aphids gradually declined from 2 d post inoculation and reproduction rate was significantly reduced 2 d prior to death (which occurred on day 6); both parameters were stable in controls over the same period. A detailed comparison was made between mobility of aphids during infection with two isolates of L. longisporum, using image analysis of video recordings. Both isolates caused an increase in activity at the beginning of mycosis (during fungal germination and cuticle invasion) though the intensity and the duration of this behaviour varied with the isolate. The possibility that increased movement in early mycosis helps disseminate disease is discussed in the light of the observation that saprophytic surface growth occurs on living M. persicae as it does in at least some other Lecanicillium spp-insect interactions.

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“…In all cases the arena and the insects were sprayed in situ using a Potter Tower (Burkard Ltd., UK) (Potter, 1952). Compressed nitrogen gas (10 lb/in 2 ) was used as a propellant.…”

Section: Infection Protocol With Fungal Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Lecanicillium longisporum infection on the behaviour of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae

Roditakis

Couzin

Franks³

et al. 2008

Journal of Insect Physiology

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“…The concentration-response bioassays were conducted using 3-4 day old females of T. evansi at the beginning of their reproductive stage. Tomato leaf discs (3 cm diameter) were individually placed inside Petri dishes (3.5 cm diameter), and sprayed on a Potter tower (Potter 1952) (Burkard, Rickmansworth, UK). Product spraying was carried out under the pressure of 5 lb/pol 2 and the application of an equal volume of 2.5 ml per concentration, which corresponded to a deposit of 1.70 ± 0.07 mg/cm 2 on the treated area.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative control of Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Tetranychidae) on tomato plants grown in greenhouses

Soto¹,

Venzon²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2010

Neotrop. entomol.

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-Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard is an important pest of solanaceous plants, including tomatoes. This mite is characterized by a high reproductive rate, which leads to high population growth in a short period of time causing important economic damage. Control of T. evansi is mainly through synthetic acaricides. In searching for environmentally friendly control measures, we evaluated the effi ciency of alternative products to control T. evansi on tomato plants under greenhouse conditions. The products tested were lime sulphur and neem based products. We fi rst estimated the lethal concentration (LC) and instantaneous rate of increase (r i ) of T. evansi exposed to different product concentrations in laboratory conditions, and later tested the effi cacy of LC 95 and the concentrations that restrained mite population growth (r i = 0) in greenhouse conditions. The following treatments were repeated three times: NeemPro (81.0 and 71.6 mg a.i./l), Natuneem (31.1 and 20.4 mg ai/l), Organic Neem (39.1 and 30.4 mg a.i./l), lime sulphur (1.0 and 0.6%) and water (control). For all products, control provided by LC 95 was higher than provided for lower concentrations (r i = 0) one day after spraying. However, after fi ve days, for both concentrations, the percentage of T. evansi population reduction was superior to 95% and increased over time. Only plants sprayed with Natuneem (31.1 mg a.i./l) showed symptoms of phytotoxicity. Lime sulphur and neem based products, applied in appropriate concentrations and formulations, bear out as a viable alternative to control T. evansi on tomato plants.KEY WORDS: Acari, Azadirachta indica, lime sulphur, effi ciency, phytotoxicityThe tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard, is an important pest of solanaceous plants, especially tomatoes (Flechtmann 1983, Bonato 1999, Ferragut & Escudero 2002. This mite is characterized by a high reproductive capacity, which leads to high population levels in a short time, causing important economic damage (Moraes & McMurtry 1986). Additionally, the mite produces large quantities of webs on the infested plants, hampering the action of natural enemies (Gerson 1985, Sabelis & Bakker 1992. The control of T. evansi in tomato is done mainly with application of synthetic pesticides. Despite its relative effi ciency, chemical control has several negative impacts as the selection of resistant individuals due to the continuous use of certain active ingredients, the reduction or elimination of benefi cial species, the high toxicity of products to applicators, and the presence of residues in food (Picanço et al 2007, Maniania et al 2008.A viable alternative to the problems arising from excessive use of synthetic pesticides in tomato production is the use of methods that provide control with social and environmental safety. In the search for such methods, natural enemies are being evaluated as biological control agents of T. evansi (Wekesa et al 2005, Furtado et al 2007, Brito et al 2009. Another strategy that has been used where con...

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“…En ensayos separados, grupos de 20 a 32 individuos sin sexar de 20 a 24 h de edad se anestesiaron con CO 2 a 20 Psi de presión durante 2 min y la concentración requerida de spiromesifen se asperjó mediante el uso de una torre de Potter (Potter 1952) que se calibró para aplicar de 2 mg cm -2 (Hassan 1985). De cada concentración se aplicaron 15 ml a una presión de 0,703 kg cm -2 (10 lb pulgada -2 ) y después de 1 min, los adultos tratados se depositaron en discos foliares sin tratar, registrándose el porcentaje de mortalidad a las 72h.…”

Section: Ensayos En Huevecillosunclassified

Toxicidad de spiromesifen en los estados biológicos de Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae)

Tucuch-Haas¹,

Rodríguez-Maciel²,

Lagunes-Tejeda³

et al. 2010

Neotrop. entomol.

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-Spiromesifen is an insecticide that inhibits the synthesis of lipids and, in Mexico, its use against the Tomato-Potato Psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc), on chili pepper (Capsicum annum), tomato (Lycopersicon sculentum) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) began in 2005; however more information is needed to understand its toxicity on this insect pest. The aim of this research was to determine the toxicity of spiromesifen against each of the biological stages of tomato-potato psyllid, its effect on fertility and viability of eggs deposited by treated females, as well as the female preference to lay eggs on treated and non treated plants. The relative toxicity at 95% mortality (highest LC 95 value /LC 95 value of the respective biological stage) of spiromesifen in egg, nymph 1, nymph 2, nymph 3, nymph 4, and nymph 5 were 517.5; 31316.2; 2950.1; 315.6; 18.2 and 1-fold, respectively. There were no differences in the toxicity of spiromesifen between adult males and females. The number of laid eggs was reduced as the spiromesifen concentration used to treat female increased and egg hatch was reduced in all tested doses. In the "no choice" test, females deposited 38.6 ± 2.01 eggs by leaf of non treated chili pepper type jalapeño, while in the treated with 360 mg L -1 we observed 0.3 ± 0.08 eggs by leaf. In the "choice" test, the oviposition decreased as the dose increased. There were no eggs on plants treated with 2400 mg L -1 of spiromesifen.

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An Improved Laboratory Apparatus for Applying Direct Sprays and Surface Films, With Data on the Electrostatic Charge on Atomized Spray Fluids

Cited by 267 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of Lecanicillium longisporum infection on the behaviour of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae

Effects of Lecanicillium longisporum infection on the behaviour of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae

Alternative control of Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Tetranychidae) on tomato plants grown in greenhouses

Toxicidad de spiromesifen en los estados biológicos de Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae)

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