An improved method of crafting a multi-electrode spiral cuff for the selective stimulation of peripheral nerves

Rozman, Janez; Pečlin, Polona; Ribarič, Samo; Godec, Matjaž; Burja, Jaka

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19318-w

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…This study also identified consumption of raw milk and contacts with aborted fetus/discharges without protective equipment to be associated with brucellosis, which is in line with another couple of study findings in Uganda [ 25 , 32 ]. This finding is supported by a WHO report which revealed contact with infected materials such as aborted fetus, placenta, urine, manure, and the carcass has been reported to cause human brucellosis in 60–70% of cases [ 2 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and risk factors of human brucellosis and malaria among patients with fever in malaria-endemic areas, attending health institutes in Awra and Gulina district, Afar Region, Ethiopia

Mehari¹,

Zerfu

Desta

2021

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Brucellosis is an important neglected bacterial zoonotic disease that has been affecting animals and humans for decades. Malaria has been considered major cause of illness in tropical areas, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to identify prevalence and risk factors of human brucellosis and malaria among patients with fever in malaria-endemic areas attending health institutes in Awra and Gulina district, Afar Region, Ethiopia. Methods A purposive cross-sectional study was conducted among febrile patients who attended health institutes in Awra and Gulina district of Afar region from February to May 2019. 3–5 ml blood samples were collected, thick and thin blood films were prepared and examined for malaria; serum was separated and tested for anti-Brucella using Rose Bengal Plate Test, and the seropositives were subjected to ELISA. Data were entered using EpiData3.1 and analyses were performed using Stata SE 14. Results A total of 444 febrile individuals (59.5% female) of age ranging from 2 to 83 years (mean = 26.1, SD = ± 11.8) were participated in this study. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was 31.5% (95% CI; 27.4–36.0%) by RBPT and 15.8% (95% CI; 12.7–19.7%) by ELISA, as well as the prevalence of malaria (P. falciparum) was 4.3% (95% CI; 2.7–6.6%) among febrile patients. Malaria was more common in males (7.2% 95% CI; 4.2–12.1%) than in female (2.3% 95% CI; 1.0–5.0%, p = 0.01) and in non-married than in married (7.6% 95% CI; 4.1–13.6% vs. 2.9% 95% CI; 1.5–5.4%, p = 0.02). Being male (AOR = 2.41, 95%CI: 1.36–4.26, p < 0.002), drinking raw milk (AOR = 26.68, 95%CI: 3.22- 221.13, p = 0.002) and boiled milk (AOR = 17.52, 95%CI: 2.06—149.04, p = 0.009) and touching aborted fetus/discharges without protective (AOR = 2.56, 95%CI: 1.01–6.528.50, p = 0.048) were independently associated with brucellosis among febrile patients. Conclusion The prevalence of brucellosis in fever patients in this study area is higher than malaria. Consumption of raw milk and contact with animal discharge can cause significant risk of Brucella infection. So, brucellosis disease must be sought in the differential diagnosis, like ELISA test that can be used to differentiate from other febrile diseases like malaria.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and risk factors of human brucellosis and malaria among patients with fever in malaria-endemic areas, attending health institutes in Awra and Gulina district, Afar Region, Ethiopia

Mehari¹,

Zerfu

Desta

2021

BMC Infect Dis

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“…To compute this energy, we considered the current range to reach the threshold (20-50 µA), the stimulation and recovery pulse width (200 µs + 200 µs) and the nerve impedance between the stimulating electrodes. The nerve impedance measured (0.77 kΩ mm −1 ) was in agreement with the literature [96,97]. Electrical stimulation seems a more energy-efficient process, however, it is constrained by the low spatial resolution and relatively low allowable current density.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Infrared neurostimulation in ex-vivo rat sciatic nerve using 1470 nm wavelength

Cury¹,

Perre²,

Smets³

et al. 2021

J. Neural Eng.

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Objective. To design and implement a setup for ex-vivo optical stimulation for exploring the effect of several key parameters (optical power and pulse duration), activation features (threshold, spatial selectivity) and recovery characteristics (repeated stimuli) in peripheral nerves. Approach. A nerve chamber allowing ex-vivo electrical and optical stimulation was designed and built. A 1470 nm light source was chosen to stimulate the nerve. A photodiode module was implemented for synchronization of the electrical and optical channels. Main results. Compound neural action potentials (CNAPs) were successfully generated with infrared light pulses of 200–2000 µs duration and power in the range of 3–10 W. These parameters determine a radiant exposure for stimulation in the range 1.59–4.78 J cm−2. Recruitment curves were obtained by increasing durations at a constant power level. Neural activation threshold is reached at a mean radiant exposure of 3.16 ± 0.68 J cm−2 and mean pulse energy of 3.79 ± 0.72 mJ. Repetition rates of 2–10 Hz have been explored. In eight out of ten sciatic nerves (SNs), repeated light stimuli induced a sensitization effect in that the CNAP amplitude progressively grows, representing an increasing number of recruited fibres. In two out of ten SNs, CNAPs were composed of a succession of peaks corresponding to different conduction velocities. Significance. The reported sensitization effect could shed light on the mechanism underlying infrared neurostimulation. Our results suggest that, in sharp contrast with electrical stimuli, optical pulses could recruit slow fibres early on. This more physiological order of recruitment opens the perspective for specific neuromodulation of fibre population who remained poorly accessible until now. Short high-power light pulses at wavelengths below 1.5 µm offer interesting perspectives for neurostimulation.

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“…Tahry et al obtained, for the first time, VN eCAPs recordings after implanting the Advanced Nerve Stimulator version 300 (ADNS-300, Neurotech SA, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium) in the human VN ( 179 ). In preclinical studies, VNS-eCAP were used to optimize stimulation parameters and electrode design during VNS in dogs ( 176 ), pigs ( 180 ), and rodents ( 96 ), showing a strong correlation with the physiological effects of stimulation. For instance, vagal B-type fiber eCAP amplitude was correlated with changes in heart activity ( 176 ), indicating that parasympathetic B-fibers are the best predictors of cardiac activity during VNS ( 96 , 177 ).…”

Section: Vagus Nerve Stimulation For Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closed-Loop Vagus Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: State of the Art and Future Directions

Ottaviani

Vallone

Micera

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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The autonomic nervous system exerts a fine beat-to-beat regulation of cardiovascular functions and is consequently involved in the onset and progression of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Selective neuromodulation of the brain-heart axis with advanced neurotechnologies is an emerging approach to corroborate CVDs treatment when classical pharmacological agents show limited effectiveness. The vagus nerve is a major component of the cardiac neuroaxis, and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a promising application to restore autonomic function under various pathological conditions. VNS has led to encouraging results in animal models of CVDs, but its translation to clinical practice has not been equally successful, calling for more investigation to optimize this technique. Herein we reviewed the state of the art of VNS for CVDs and discuss avenues for therapeutic optimization. Firstly, we provided a succinct description of cardiac vagal innervation anatomy and physiology and principles of VNS. Then, we examined the main clinical applications of VNS in CVDs and the related open challenges. Finally, we presented preclinical studies that aim at overcoming VNS limitations through optimization of anatomical targets, development of novel neural interface technologies, and design of efficient VNS closed-loop protocols.

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An improved method of crafting a multi-electrode spiral cuff for the selective stimulation of peripheral nerves

Cited by 7 publications

References 57 publications

Prevalence and risk factors of human brucellosis and malaria among patients with fever in malaria-endemic areas, attending health institutes in Awra and Gulina district, Afar Region, Ethiopia

Prevalence and risk factors of human brucellosis and malaria among patients with fever in malaria-endemic areas, attending health institutes in Awra and Gulina district, Afar Region, Ethiopia

Infrared neurostimulation in ex-vivo rat sciatic nerve using 1470 nm wavelength

Closed-Loop Vagus Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: State of the Art and Future Directions

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