An improved protocol for electrodialytic desalination yielding mineral-balanced potable water

Thakur, Amit K.; Srivastava, Niharika; Chakrabarty, Tina; Rebary, Babulal; Patidar, Rajesh Kumar; Sanghavi, Rahul J.; Shahi, Vinod K.; Ghosh, Pushpito K.

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2013.12.007

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…1,2 To fulfill the increasing demand of drinking water, advantageous membrane technologies are used. 1−3 In many membrane-based water desalination/purification technologies such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration, membranes reject the salt and large molecules and allow the passage of water. 1,4,5 During desalination, the reduction of excessive concentration of nutritious constituents (Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , SO 4 2– , CO 3 2 – /HCO 3 – , etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is unwanted. 3−6 Electrodialysis (ED) for the separation of mono- and bivalent ions has been reported because of different rates of migration. 7−9 Thus, ED was considered as a desalination technology for comparatively better retention of nutritious ions in the desalinated water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7−9 Thus, ED was considered as a desalination technology for comparatively better retention of nutritious ions in the desalinated water. 3…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cation-Exchange Membrane with Low Frictional Coefficient and High Limiting Current Density for Energy-Efficient Water Desalination

2018

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A sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and phosphorylated graphene oxide (PGO) composite of a cation-exchange membrane with low frictional coefficient and high limiting current density has been reported for water desalination by rapid electrodialysis. The incorporation of PGO in the membrane matrix showed a significant impact on the macroscopic properties, counterion frictional coefficient, and performance of the membrane. A well-optimized SPEEK/PGO-8 (8% PGO content, w/w) membrane showed improved conductivity (4.15 × 10 –2 S cm –1 ) and permselectivity (87%), and excellent stabilities (thermal, mechanical, and chemical) because of cherished polymer–PGO (filler) interaction via H-bonding. The efficiency of the SPEEK/PGO-8 membrane was also evaluated for the desalination of brackish water near limiting current density ( I lim ). Ion concentration polarization (ICP) was assessed by i – V curves, and below I lim , water splitting or change in product water pH was ruled out. While above I lim (10.5 mA cm –2 ), ICP was significant and could be finally tuned with applied current density for producing desalinated water with a desired pH. Furthermore, improved I lim , high current efficiency (82.9%), and low energy consumption (7.9 kWh kg –1 of the salt removed) of the SPEEK/PGO-8 membrane during electrodialysis provide a broad current window for efficient and rapid water desalination/purification.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cation-Exchange Membrane with Low Frictional Coefficient and High Limiting Current Density for Energy-Efficient Water Desalination

2018

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“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The recovery of multi-valent metal ions from the effluents of hydrometallurgy/electroplating industries is one of the important applications of electrodialysis. 1,2 Ion exchange membranes (IEMs) are widely used for desalination of sea water and brackish water by electrodialysis and other separation applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The recovery of multi-valent metal ions from the effluents of hydrometallurgy/electroplating industries is one of the important applications of electrodialysis. 2,6,[17][18][19][20] The surface modication of CEMs involves thin layer deposition of cationic polymers (polyethylenimine, polyaniline, polypyrrole, etc.). To develop specic selective IEMs, the selection of functional groups and the polymeric matrix, use of additives, alteration in degree of cross-linking, uniform distribution of charged groups and additives, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled metal loading on poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane-sulfonic acid) membranes by an ion-exchange process to improve electrodialytic separation performance for mono-/bi-valent ions

2015

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Highly cross-linked poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane-sulfonic acid) (PMPS) based cation-exchange membranes (CEMs) were prepared and the mono-valent selectivity of the membranes was significantly improved using the pore-sieving strategy by metal (copper) loading by the ion-exchange process. The prepared membranes were characterized for their morphological, physicochemical, electrochemical, and electrodialytic properties. Metal (Cu) loading in the PMPS membrane matrix improved thermal, mechanical, oxidative and hydrolytic stabilities. The results demonstrated that fine control over membrane permselectivity is possible and can be effectively tuned. Metal modification on the CEM surface improved the blocking behaviour and restricted the transport (leakage) of bi-valent metal cations (Ni 2+ and Zn 2+ ) during electrodialytic separation of mono-and bi-valent ions. However, partial deterioration in membrane ionic conductivity showed a slight adverse effect on the electrodialytic performance of the modified membranes. Extremely low Zn 2+ leakage for the prepared PMPS-3 membrane in comparison with other state-of-the-art CEMs was attributed to the excellent pore-size sieving effect. The metal loaded PMPS-3 membrane showed improved surface compactness, which hindered the easy accessibility of bulky counter-ions (Ni 2+ /Zn 2+ ) to fixed charge and thus quite low transport (leakage) of bi-valent ions was observed.

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Comparison of heterogeneous anion-exchange membranes for nitrate ion removal from mixed salt solution

et al. 2017

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An improved protocol for electrodialytic desalination yielding mineral-balanced potable water

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Cation-Exchange Membrane with Low Frictional Coefficient and High Limiting Current Density for Energy-Efficient Water Desalination

Cation-Exchange Membrane with Low Frictional Coefficient and High Limiting Current Density for Energy-Efficient Water Desalination

Controlled metal loading on poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane-sulfonic acid) membranes by an ion-exchange process to improve electrodialytic separation performance for mono-/bi-valent ions

Comparison of heterogeneous anion-exchange membranes for nitrate ion removal from mixed salt solution

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