“…Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) are increasingly widely used in civil and industrial applications because of their high efficiency, high power density, low maintenance cost, and lower permanent magnet price. The vector control method's popularity, including Field Oriented Control (FOC) [1][2][3][4][5][6] and Direct Torque Control (DTC) [7][8][9][10], stems from its advantages of simplicity in the control structure, ease of operation, reliability, and high efficiency [11,12].…”