An Improved Standard Model Comes with Explicit CPV and Productive of BAU

Abstract

The theoretical origin of CP violation (CPV) is a long unsolved mystery in particle physics. In this manuscript we describe a way to bring CPV into the standard model (SM) explicitly with some useful but previously unnoticed conditions. Some special patterns of the fermion mass matrix M and its corresponding unitary matrix U are thus derived and which reveal S N symmetries among or between fermion generations. Though the strength of CPV derived under such S N -symmetric circumstances does not coincide with the value given by current SM perfectly. Instead, it gives a hint to some BAU-productive circumstances in the early universe which may account for partly the discrepancy between the cosmologically observed Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe (BAU) and that provided by current SM. It proves that SM, with only one Higgs doublet and three fermion generations, alone is already enough to violate the CP symmetry and suggests some BAU-productive eras in our early universe.