An in‐line SPE strategy to enhance sensitivity in CE for the determination of pharmaceutical compounds in river water samples

Maijó, Irene; Borrull, Francesc; Calull, Marta; Aguilar, Carme

doi:10.1002/elps.201100054

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…As the SPE column is an integrated part of the CE system in an in‐line SPE‐CE approach, the separation voltage is also applied across the SPE material during electrophoretic separations. Until now, packed beds have most often been used for the design of in‐line SPE‐CE systems . Next to the design of in‐line SPE‐CE systems, optimization of SPE parameters is a critical step in method development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in coupled solid‐phase extraction–capillary electrophoresis 2013–2015

2015

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An overview of the design and application of coupled solid-phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis (SPE-CE) systems reported in the literature between July 2013 and June 2015 is provided in this paper. The present article is a continuation of our previous review papers on this topic which covered the time period 2000-2013 (Electrophoresis 2008, 29, 108-128; Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 44-54; Electrophoresis 2012, 33, 243-250; Electrophoresis 2014, 35, 128-137). The use of in-line and on-line SPE-CE approaches is treated and outlined in this review. Recent advancements, such as, for example, the use of aptamers as affinity material for in-line SPE-CE, the use of a bead string design for in-line fritless SPE-CE, and new interfacing techniques for the on-line coupling of SPE to CE, are outlined. Selected examples demonstrate the applicability of the coupled SPE-CE systems for biomedical, pharmaceutical, environmental, and food studies. A complete overview of the recent SPE-CE studies is given in table format, providing information on sample type, SPE sorbent, coupling mode, detection mode, and LOD. Finally, some general conclusions and perspectives are provided.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in coupled solid‐phase extraction–capillary electrophoresis 2013–2015

2015

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“…For example, C18 sorbent has been used to determine peptides in human plasma, as well as ochrotoxin, naproxen, ceftiofur, and chlorophenols in river water samples . Oasis HLB has been used to preconcentrate a group of sulphonamides, drugs of abuse, and non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs in environmental water samples . Oasis MCX sorbent has been used to preconcentrate 3‐nitrotyrosine in rat urine and quinolone antibiotics in chicken muscle .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of UV filters in river water samples by in‐line SPE‐CE‐MS

et al. 2013

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The use of SPE coupled in-line to CE using electrospray MS detection (in-line SPE-CE-ESI-MS) was investigated for the preconcentration and separation of four UV filters: benzophenone-3, 2,2-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone and 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulphonic acid. First, a CE-ESI-MS method was developed and validated using standard samples, obtaining LODs between 0.06 μg/mL and 0.40 μg/mL. For the in-line SPE-CE-ESI-MS method, three different sorbents were evaluated and compared: Oasis HLB, Oasis MCX, and Oasis MAX. For each sorbent, the main parameters affecting the preconcentration performance, such as sample pH, volume, and composition of the elution plug, and sample injection time were studied. The Oasis MCX sorbent showed the best performance and was used to validate the in-line SPE-CE-ESI-MS methodology. The LODs reached for standard samples were in the range between 0.01 and 0.05 ng/mL with good reproducibility and the developed strategy provided sensitivity enhancement factors between 3400-fold and 34 000-fold. The applicability of the developed methodology was demonstrated by the analysis of UV filters in river water samples.

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“…This material can be retained by means of two frits to prevent the sorbent particles from entering and blocking the CE capillary, or without frits, using sorbent particles with sizes larger than the internal diameter of the separation capillary. In general, the sorbents most commonly used to build the in‐line SPE‐CE systems have been C18, Oasis HLB, and Oasis MCX . One of the main advantages of the in‐line SPE‐CE system is that it allows the injection of a large volume of sample, since capillary volume is not a limitation in this case as it is for electrophoretic preconcentration, so the SEF achieved is high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different strategies for the preconcentration and separation of parabens by capillary electrophoresis

et al. 2013

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Several strategies, namely, large volume sample stacking (LVSS), field-amplified sample injection (FASI), sweeping, and in-line SPE-CE, were investigated for the simultaneous separation and preconcentration of a group of parabens. A BGE consisting of 20 mM sodium dihydrogenphosphate (pH 2.28) and 150 mM SDS with 15% ACN was used for the separation and preconcentration of the compounds by sweeping, and a BGE consisting of 30 mM sodium borate (pH 9.5) was used for the separation and preconcentration of the compounds by LVSS, FASI, and in-line SPE-CE. Several factors affecting the preconcentration process were investigated in order to obtain the maximum enhancement of sensitivity. The LODs obtained for parabens were in the range of 18-27, 3-4, 2, and 0.01-0.02 ng/mL, and the sensitivity evaluated in terms of LODs was improved up to 29-, 77-, 120-, and 18,400-fold for sweeping, LVSS, FASI, and in-line SPE-CE, respectively. These preconcentration techniques showed potential as good strategies for focusing parabens. The four methods were validated with standard samples to show the potential of these techniques for future applications in real samples, such as biological and environmental samples.

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An in‐line SPE strategy to enhance sensitivity in CE for the determination of pharmaceutical compounds in river water samples

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Developments in coupled solid‐phase extraction–capillary electrophoresis 2013–2015

Developments in coupled solid‐phase extraction–capillary electrophoresis 2013–2015

Determination of UV filters in river water samples by in‐line SPE‐CE‐MS

Different strategies for the preconcentration and separation of parabens by capillary electrophoresis

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