An in vitro mature spinal cord preparation from the rat

Long, Sihui; Evans, Richard H.; Cull, L.; Krijzer, F.; Bevan, Paul

doi:10.1016/0028-3908(88)90138-4

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Genes for NMDA receptor subunits are expressed in the ventral horn of adult rat cord, and a NMDA contribution has been observed in adult (335). Extension of experiments performed on adult rat cord in vitro (755)(756)(757)(758) to include intracellular analysis of monosynaptic afferent inputs to motoneurons similar to that performed in neonates (661,991) should help resolve this question.…”

Section: Ii) Developmental Changes In Nmda Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic Control of Motoneuronal Excitability

Rekling

Funk

Bayliss

et al. 2000

Physiological Reviews

537

482

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Movement, the fundamental component of behavior and the principal extrinsic action of the brain, is produced when skeletal muscles contract and relax in response to patterns of action potentials generated by motoneurons. The processes that determine the firing behavior of motoneurons are therefore important in understanding the transformation of neural activity to motor behavior. Here, we review recent studies on the control of motoneuronal excitability, focusing on synaptic and cellular properties. We first present a background description of motoneurons: their development, anatomical organization, and membrane properties, both passive and active. We then describe the general anatomical organization of synaptic input to motoneurons, followed by a description of the major transmitter systems that affect motoneuronal excitability, including ligands, receptor distribution, pre-and postsynaptic actions, signal transduction, and functional role. Glutamate is the main excitatory, and GABA and glycine are the main inhibitory transmitters acting through ionotropic receptors. These amino acids signal the principal motor commands from peripheral, spinal, and supraspinal structures. Amines, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, and neuropeptides, as well as the glutamate and GABA acting at metabotropic receptors, modulate motoneuronal excitability through pre-and postsynaptic actions. Acting principally via second messenger systems, their actions converge on common effectors, e.g., leak K + current, cationic inward current, hyperpolarization-activated inward current, Ca 2+ channels, or presynaptic release processes. Together, these numerous inputs mediate and modify incoming motor commands, ultimately generating the coordinated firing patterns that underlie muscle contractions during motor behavior.

show abstract

Section: Ii) Developmental Changes In Nmda Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic Control of Motoneuronal Excitability

Rekling

Funk

Bayliss

et al. 2000

Physiological Reviews

537

482

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We recently studied the use of a slice preparation of the adult mouse lumbar spinal cord for performing intracellular motoneuron recordings (Carp et al 2003). In vitro preparations from rats of cervical and sacrocaudal spinal cord have been reported (Bennett et al 2001;Hori et al 2001;Long et al 1988), but not preparations of lumbar spinal cord for intracellular recording of motoneurons (but see Kow and Pfaff 1996).…”

Section: Significance Of Hr Conditioning Of Mice In the Study Of Learmentioning

confidence: 99%

H-Reflex Operant Conditioning in Mice

Carp¹,

Tennissen²,

Chen³

et al. 2006

Journal of Neurophysiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

. Rats, monkeys, and humans can alter the size of their spinal stretch reflex and its electrically induced analog, the H-reflex (HR), when exposed to an operant conditioning paradigm. Because this conditioning induces plasticity in the spinal cord, it offers a unique opportunity to identify the neuronal sites and mechanisms that underlie a well-defined change in a simple behavior. To facilitate these studies, we developed an HR operant conditioning protocol in mice, which are better suited to genetic manipulation and electrophysiological spinal cord study in vitro than rats or primates. Eleven mice under deep surgical anesthesia were implanted with tibial nerve stimulating electrodes and soleus and gastrocnemius intramuscular electrodes for recording ongoing and stimulus-evoked EMG activity. During the 24-h/day computer-controlled experiment, mice received a liquid reward for either increasing (up-conditioning) or decreasing (down-conditioning) HR amplitude while maintaining target levels of ongoing EMG and directly evoked EMG (M-responses). After 3-7 wk of conditioning, the HR amplitude was 133 Ϯ 7% (SE) of control for up-conditioning and 71 Ϯ 8% of control for downconditioning. HR conditioning was successful (i.e., Ն20% change in HR amplitude in the appropriate direction) in five of six up-conditioned animals (mean final HR amplitude ϭ 139 Ϯ 5% of control HR for successful mice) and in four of five down-conditioned animals (mean final HR amplitude ϭ 63 Ϯ 8% of control HR for successful mice). These effects were not attributable to differences in the net level of motoneuron pool excitation, stimulation strength, or distribution of HR trials throughout the day. Thus mice exhibit HR operant conditioning comparable with that observed in rats and monkeys.

show abstract

“…The use of more developed or adult spinal cord preparations for studying motoneurons in vitro has been successfully implemented in recent years by using fragments of spinal cord (al-Zamil et al, 1991;Biscoe and Duchen, 1986;Fulton, 1986;Li and Bennett, 2003;Long, 1989;Long et al, 1988). Long et al (1988) have used a sacro-coccygeal rat spinal cord preparation for the electrophysiological study of mature motoneurons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long et al (1988) have used a sacro-coccygeal rat spinal cord preparation for the electrophysiological study of mature motoneurons. In this preparation, the spinal cord is usually excised following laminectomy, during which the spinal cord may be subjected to injury through mechanical disturbance and bleeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%