An In Vitro Study on the Efficacy of Mycotoxin Sequestering Agents for Aflatoxin B1, Deoxynivalenol, and Zearalenone

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of mycotoxin sequestering agents for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), and zearalenone (ZEA) using an in vitro method. The twelve toxin sequestering agents tested were seven bentonite products (bentonite A, B, C, D, E, F, and G), two aluminosilicate products (aluminosilicate A and B), a heulandite product, an activated charcoal product, and a yeast cell wall product. A two-step in vitro procedure was employed to mimic the conditions of temperature, pH, and digestive enzymes in the stomach and small intestine of pigs. All mycotoxin sequestering agents tested were able to bind to AFB1 with a high efficacy (>92%). The DON sequestering rate of activated charcoal (99.1%) was greater (p < 0.05) than that of other products. The ZEA sequestering rate of bentonite F (97.0%), aluminosilicate A (99.6%), and activated charcoal (100.0%) was the greatest (p < 0.05) among the tested mycotoxin sequestering agents. Overall, most mycotoxin sequestering agents had the ability to bind to AFB1, but most products, except activated charcoal, failed to sequester DON and ZEA.

Las aflatoxinas, un tóxico que continúa presente en los alimentos y sus efectos biológicos en los humanos y en los animales

“…Además de los efectos nocivos en el sistema inmunológico y en la digestibilidad de los aminoácidos, alteran la conversión del alimento y disminuye el aumento de peso en los animales, lo que provoca pérdidas económicas cuantiosas en la industria porcina. Los metaanálisis realizados demuestran la influencia que tienen las AFs contenidas en las dietas porcinas, al mostrar reducciones dosis-dependiente en la ingesta (Jong et al, 2022).…”

Degradation of zearalenone by microorganisms and enzymes

“…More than 400 different types of mycotoxins have been identified so far, with different levels of toxicity ( Arroyo-Manzanares et al, 2021 ). Among mycotoxins, aflatoxins B1, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, patulin, and trichothecenes have received particular attention due to their severe health outcomes on both humans and animals, which can range from acute to severe and chronic intoxications in both humans and animals ( Ahn et al, 2022 ; Nahle et al, 2022 ).…”

Effects of a Bentonite Clay Product and a Preservative Blend on Ileal and Fecal Nutrient Digestibility in Pigs Fed Wheat Naturally Contaminated with Deoxynivalenol

“…There have been efforts to alleviate the adverse effects of dietary DON on the growth performance of pigs by supplementing feed additives to swine diets. Clay products are well known to adsorb mycotoxins in diets [8][9][10] and therefore are often used in swine diets. However, limited efficacy of clay products for adsorbing DON and compensating for the reduced growth performance of pigs has been reported in previous in vitro studies [9,10] and in vivo studies [11,12], respectively.…”

“…Clay products are well known to adsorb mycotoxins in diets [8][9][10] and therefore are often used in swine diets. However, limited efficacy of clay products for adsorbing DON and compensating for the reduced growth performance of pigs has been reported in previous in vitro studies [9,10] and in vivo studies [11,12], respectively. Moreover, clay products potentially bind nutrients including minerals and amino acids (AA) in addition to mycotoxins because clays' binding capacity is not specific [13].…”