An in vitro study on the anti-microbial effi cacy of ten herbal extracts on primary plaque colonizers

Abstract

Introduction: To assess and compare the anti-microbial effi cacy of ten herbal extracts against primary plaque colonizers. Materials and Methods:The branches of 10 plants with ethno-pharmacological background were collected and healthy leaves separated to prepare the fi ne powder. The extraction procedure was carried out by cold infusion method using ethanol. The working concentration of the extract (100 mg/ml) was prepared by mixing dried leaf extract with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). 0.2% chlorhexidine and DMSO were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Agar well diffusion method was used for anti-microbial effi cacy testing. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS 16. The mean diameter of inhibition zone between the categories was compared using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test. Results: The highest mean diameter of inhibition zone against Streptococcus mutans was produced by Acacia nilotica followed by Psidium guajava, Eucalyptus hybrid and Murraya koenigii L.S extracts in the descending order. The highest mean inhibition zone against Streptococcus sanguinis was produced by chlorhexidine followed by A. nilotica, Eucalyptus, P. guajava, and M. koenigii L.S extracts in the descending order. The highest mean inhibition zone against Streptococcus salivarius was produced by P. guajava, followed by chlorhexidine, A. nilotica, Eucalyptus, M. koenigii L.S and Hibiscus sabdariffa L extracts in the descending order. Conclusion: P. guajava, Eucalyptus, A. nilotica, M. koenigii L.S and H. sabdariffa L have the potential to inhibit primary plaque colonizers, and they could be used as anti-plaque agents.

Antibacterial Effects of Natural Herbal Extracts onStreptococcus mutans: Can They Be Potential Additives in Dentifrices?

“…The inoculum was cell suspension prepared from cultures grown on trypticase soy broth adjusted to 1.2 × 10 5 . The positive control was chlorhexidine mouth wash-0.2% [ 8 – 11 ] and ciprofloxacin 250 mg [ 12 ] and the negative control was methanol.…”

A Review on Ethnopharmacological Applications, Pharmacological Activities, and Bioactive Compounds of Mangifera indica (Mango)

“…An acetone extract of the leaves of an M. indica variety grown in Pakistan exerted a strong inhibition of growth of multidrug resistant S. typhi [ 216 ]. Antibacterial effects of several mango leaf extracts grown in India have been proven in several bacterial species by Bharti, 2013 ( M. indica variety collected from Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh) [ 217 ], Chandrashekar et al 2014 (mango variety collected from Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh) [ 218 ], Madduluri et al, 2013 (collected from Andhra Pradesh) [ 219 ], and Sharwat et al, 2013 (collected from Meerut region) [ 220 ]. Bhati, 2013 found that hexane and hexane/ethyl acetate extracts of leaves exert promising antibacterial effects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Enterobacter aerogenes , and S. pyogenes .…”

Caracterización química y actividad antibacteriana del aceite esencial de Mangifera indica L. de tres regiones de Venezuela

“…Bharti [28] refiere que los extractos de hexano y hexano / acetato de etilo de las hojas de M. indica (India) ejerce prometedores efectos antibacterianos contra Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Enterobacter aerogenes y Streptococcus pyogenes. Chandrashekaret et al [29] informaron que el extracto etanólico de las hojas de M. indica L., puede inhibir el crecimiento de Streptococcus mutans.…”