An indicator-based risk assessment framework for World Heritage sites in seismic zones: The case of “Bam and its Cultural Landscape” in Iran

Ravankhah, Mohammad; Schmidt, Michaël; Will, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102405

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…3−5 For centuries, this tree has played a crucial role in the establishment and growth of civilizations in the arid regions of the Arab world. 6,7 In recent years, date palm-related knowledge, practices, and traditions have been recognized by United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as part of the world's intangible cultural heritage. 8 Additionally, many efforts are made, aiming to preserve the long-threatened culture as it serves as an important emblem of the Arab region's prosperity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is the most commonly seen agricultural crop across many Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations. , Given that it provides the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula with food, medicine, and even building materials, it is known as the “elixir of life”. − For centuries, this tree has played a crucial role in the establishment and growth of civilizations in the arid regions of the Arab world. , In recent years, date palm-related knowledge, practices, and traditions have been recognized by United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as part of the world’s intangible cultural heritage . Additionally, many efforts are made, aiming to preserve the long-threatened culture as it serves as an important emblem of the Arab region’s prosperity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 6 , 7 In recent years, date palm-related knowledge, practices, and traditions have been recognized by United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as part of the world’s intangible cultural heritage. 8 Additionally, many efforts are made, aiming to preserve the long-threatened culture as it serves as an important emblem of the Arab region’s prosperity. 9 Due to their remarkable ability to endure extremely harsh conditions and requiring little maintenance, date palm trees are suitable crops for the Arab world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Leaf Powdering Technique on the Characteristics of Date Palm-Derived Cellulose

Al-Awa,

Sangor,

Babili

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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The date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the oldest cultivated tree and is very commonly seen in the Arab countries. In recent times, researchers are working on the conversion of the plant-based biowaste into value-added products.Cellulose is identified as one of the best options to be synthesized from plant-based materials due to its immense application possibilities. It is a natural hydrophilic polymer consisting of linear chains of 1,4-β-D-anhydroglucose units, and the most used method for cellulose extraction is acidic hydrolysis. However, in this study, a very sustainable, ecofriendly, and simple process of isolating cellulose from date palm leaves is discussed. In this study, the best mechanical approach (ball milling, grinding, or its combination) for changing the leaves into powder form, as well as the sustainable and simple chemical extraction of cellulose from those date palm leaves, is analyzed. SEM analyses confirmed that the mechanical treatment process affected the appearance of the cellulose formed. Raman spectrum confirmed the difference in stretching vibrations among the cellulose obtained. From the results obtained, it was noted that cellulose derived utilizing the grinding technique and subsequent chemical treatment was considered as the finest cellulose prepared with respect to its properties and structure, and the greatest yield obtained for Cellulose 2 was 42%. As a future scope, this cellulose developed can be used to produce advanced materials like nanocellulose.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of Leaf Powdering Technique on the Characteristics of Date Palm-Derived Cellulose

Al-Awa,

Sangor,

Babili

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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“…Researchers from Romania present the applicability of the AHP method, frequency ratio and statistical index in landslides in susceptibility mapping for heritage in dangerous areas, and the results revealed that although three calculation methods suggest different most important triggering factors, all three calculation models have shown good success [14]. In other research areas, the AHP method was used for risk assessment [15]. The AHP method combined with GIS was used to assess the hazard of floods near the world heritage in Thailand [16], while the same method was applied to evaluate the forest fire risk in Iran [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantitative evaluation based on an analytic hierarchy process for the deterioration degree of the Guangyuan Thousand-Buddha grotto from the Tang Dynasty in Sichuan, China

Yao

Zhao

2022

Herit Sci

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The Guangyuan Thousand-Buddha grotto is of great value in researching the spread of Buddhism in China. To explore a scientific deterioration degree evaluation method, the authors selected 11 grottos from the middle Tang Dynasty in the Guangyuan Thousand-Buddha grotto as survey objects; a traditional deterioration investigation was undertaken, and an analytic hierarchy process (AHP method) was applied to build a system to calculate the weight of 15 deterioration criteria and evaluate the deterioration degree of the grotto. The results showed that 15 deteriorations can be classified into two categories: stability deterioration and weathering deterioration. Each deterioration has its own weight on affecting the preservation condition of the grotto. In contrast to realistic conditions, the calculation results can quantitatively reflect the preservation condition of the grotto. The results offer a quantitative basis for determining the priority of grotto conservation and verifying the feasibility of the AHP method in helping conservators identify major deteriorations or judge conservation orders. This research proposes a quantitative evaluation method for the deterioration degree of the grotto, which can lay the foundation for further conservation of the grotto. Graphical Abstract

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“…Earthquakes and seismic activity in general, with typical examples including recent events in Italy [16] and Iran [17]. It is estimated that 16% of the listed UNESCO's World Heritage Sites are located in highly seismic zones, and 34% are located in moderately seismic zones [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially Enabled Web Application for Urban Cultural Heritage Monitoring and Metrics Reporting for the SDGs

et al. 2021

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UNESCO and the United Nations have recently identified cultural heritage (CH) as a key enabler of sustainability by incorporating it into several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Accurate and efficient reporting on CH is considered fundamental despite known limitations due to the lack of sufficient and harmonized data. This paper presents a spatially enabled web application for urban CH monitoring for the city of Thessaloniki in Northern Greece. The objective was to integrate the information provided by several independent public registries on CH into a common 2D mapping and reporting platform and to enrich it with additional data provided by other built environment agencies. An estimation of the expected cost for the structural evaluation by experts of the city’s CH assets was also implemented for SDG’s Indicator 11.4.1. The methodology involved stakeholder identification, data collection and pre-processing, field verification and documentation, calculation of Indicator 11.4.1, and the actual coding process. The application can be found online, providing useful insights and statistical information on the city’s heritage in a dashboard format. The key challenges included the lack of updated data, the existence of several individual registries, and the need for regular field inspection due to the rapidly changing urban fabric.

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An indicator-based risk assessment framework for World Heritage sites in seismic zones: The case of “Bam and its Cultural Landscape” in Iran

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of Leaf Powdering Technique on the Characteristics of Date Palm-Derived Cellulose

Effect of Leaf Powdering Technique on the Characteristics of Date Palm-Derived Cellulose

A quantitative evaluation based on an analytic hierarchy process for the deterioration degree of the Guangyuan Thousand-Buddha grotto from the Tang Dynasty in Sichuan, China

Spatially Enabled Web Application for Urban Cultural Heritage Monitoring and Metrics Reporting for the SDGs

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