An indicator displacement assay-based optical chemosensor for heparin with a dual-readout and a reversible molecular logic gate operation based on the pyranine/methyl viologen

A regenerable electrochemical sensor for electro-inactive cyclovirobuxine D detection in biological samples

“…Animal experiments were performed as previously reported. 29,30 Briefly, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (180-200 g) purchased from the Laboratory Animal Center, Anhui Medical University were housed on a 12:12 h light-dark schedule with free access to tap water and diet. Animal experiments conformed to the "Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals" of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Biomedical Ethics Committee.…”

“…In our previous study on the rational design of sensing strategy and principle based on the intrinsic physicochemical properties of analytes and the intermolecular interactions for electrochemical detection of biologically important species in biological samples, 29,30 we made significant efforts to explore the possible sensing principles and strategy for electrochemical detection of CVB-D based on the inherent properties of CVB-D. The ionization state of a molecule is a significant physicochemical characteristic that governs several relevant properties, such as reactivity, binding ability, and acidic and basic capacity.…”

Electronic devices for the combination of electrically controlled drug release, electrostimulation, and optogenetic stimulation for nerve tissue regeneration

“…Hence, no interference from heparin reduction is expected. However, compound C2 reduction potential will be shifted to more negative potentials due to the electrostatic interaction with the heparin cap, as explored by Zhang et al [343]. In their work, the threshold voltage is kept, and the peak potential is shifted 47 mV.…”

“…Nevertheless, the exact mechanism involved is yet to be discovered. Zhang et al [343] indicated in the introduction to their chemosensor based on the same compounds: "viologens could serve as receptors to complex with heparin through the electrostatic binding, charge/electron transfer, and/or πanion interactions, which was testified by the voltammetric perturbation on the redox potential of methyl viologen dications (MV 2+ ) by heparin".…”