An inkjet-printed chemical fuse

Mabrook, M.F.; Pearson, C.; Petty, Michael C.

doi:10.1063/1.1846950

Cited by 46 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, the versatility of inkjet technology enables it to be used as a delivery system for a wide range of interesting components [15,16]. Examples relevant to plant science might include phytohormones delivered in precisely quantifiable amounts (perhaps along with markers) as quantitative bioassays.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivering high-resolution landmarks using inkjet micropatterning for spatial monitoring of leaf expansion

et al. 2011

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BackgroundInkjet micropatterning is a versatile deposition technique with broad applications in numerous fields. However, its application in plant science is largely unexplored. Leaf expansion is one of the most important parameters in the field of plant science and many methods have been developed to examine differential expansion rates of different parts of the leaf lamina. Among them, methods based on the tracking of natural landmarks through digital imaging require a complicated setup in which the leaf must remain fixed and under tension. Furthermore, the resolution is limited to that of the natural landmarks, which are often difficult to find, particularly in young leaves. To study the fine scale expansion dynamics of the leaf lamina using artificial landmarks it is necessary to place small, noninvasive marks on a leaf surface and then recover the location of those marks after a period of time.ResultsTo monitor leaf expansion in two dimensions, at very fine scales, we used a custom designed inkjet micropatterning system to print a grid composed of c. 0.19 mm2 cells on small developing leaves of ivy (Hedera helix) using 40 μm dots at a spacing of c. 91 μm. The leaves in different growing stages were imaged under magnification to extract the coordinates of the marks which were then used in subsequent computer-assisted leaf expansion analyses. As an example we obtained quantified global and local expansion information and created expansion maps over the entire leaf surface. The results reveal a striking pattern of fine-scale expansion differences over short periods of time. In these experiments, the base of the leaf is a "cold spot" for expansion, while the leaf sinuses are "hot spots" for expansion. We have also measured a strong shading effect on leaf expansion. We discuss the features required to build an inkjet printing apparatus optimized for use in plant science, which will further maximize the range of tissues that can be printed at these scales.ConclusionsTo apply inkjet micropatterning to plant studies, we have successfully delivered landmarks on ivy leaf surfaces and achieved high-resolution, two-dimensional monitoring of leaf expansion at different growing stages. The measurement is capable of reliably identifying the fine scale changes during plant growth. As well as delivering landmarks, this technology may be used to deliver microscale targeted biological components such as growth hormones, and possibly be used to pattern sensors directly on the leaves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivering high-resolution landmarks using inkjet micropatterning for spatial monitoring of leaf expansion

et al. 2011

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“…Although PEDOT itself cannot be easily cast into film due to its insoluble property, PEDOT doped with poly(styrene-sulfonate) can be dispersed well in the aqueous solution, which facilitates the film fabrication. Prinstine PEDOT or doped PEDOT has been used as the sensing material for the detection of HCl [11],N H 3 [12],N O 2 [13], and alcohols [14] and some volatile organic compounds [15]. However, to our knowledge, the NO sensing characteristics of the PEDOT:PSS film based gas sensor have never been reported yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Using a PEDOT:PSS modified electrode for detecting nitric oxide gas

Lin

Chen

et al. 2009

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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“…Both the polymer nanowires and thin films show a partial irreversibility of resistance as high as 3-5% especially for a large concentration of ethanol, which is consistent with previous reports. 34,35 This is attributed to a nonequilibrium configuration of the chains in the as-deposited material, which rearrange in the presence of ethanol vapor, giving an aging effect.…”

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Nanowire Conductive Polymer Gas Sensor Patterned Using Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Lithography

et al. 2008

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Nanostructured conjugated organic thin films are essential building blocks for highly integrated organic devices. We demonstrate the largearea fabrication of an array of well-ordered 15 nm wide conducting polymer nanowires by using an etch mask consisting of self-assembled patterns of cylinder-forming poly(styrene-b-dimethylsiloxane) diblock copolymer confined in topographic templates. The poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) nanowires operated as an ethanol vapor sensor, suggesting that the electronic properties of the organic film were preserved during the patterning processes. The higher sensitivity to ethanol vapor, compared to an unpatterned film with the same thickness, was attributed to the enhanced surface-to-volume ratio of the nanowire array.A molecular rectifier, theoretically proposed by Ratner and Aviram in 1974, was the starting point for a boom in molecular electronics research that has persisted for the last three decades. 1 Later, single-molecule field-effect transistors and logic gates were also conceptually proposed, 2 and Reed et al. first reported single-molecule conductance measurements through benzene-1,4-dithiol. 3 The development of conductive polymers has continued to attract interest for many different applications including optoelectronic devices, 4-6 field effect transistors, 7,8 and chemical or biological sensors. 8,9 In these applications, device performance has been improved by miniaturizing the feature sizes down to the nanoscale regime, 10,11 and there is considerable interest in methods that enable the patterning of electronically active polymers on the nanoscale.Various fabrication techniques have been developed for generating conducting polymer nanowires. Chemical or electrochemical growth without templates usually produces entangled nanowires with a large distribution in diameter and length, which is undesirable in terms of performance and reproducibility, despite the convenience of fabrication. 12-17 For better-organized structures, scanning-probe and electronbeam patterning have been employed to direct the growth of conducting polymer nanowires. 11,18,19 Recently, spontaneous ordering of polymer nanowires was induced within a submicron gap between electrodes fabricated using a focused ion beam. 20 However, the throughput and manufacturability of these methods are limited by the serial nature of the patterning techniques. Well-ordered conducting polymer nanopatterns have also been produced by nanoimprint lithography, 21 but this technique requires fabrication of master molds.In this communication, we report fabrication of well-ordered arrays of 15 nm wide, 35 nm period poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) conducting polymer nanowires, made over areas of several square centimeters using a self-assembled block copolymer mask, and we demonstrate the capability of the patterned structures to act as an ethanol vapor sensor, confirming the preservation of the electronic properties of the PEDOT:PSS during patterning. Bloc...

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An inkjet-printed chemical fuse

Cited by 46 publications

References 16 publications

Delivering high-resolution landmarks using inkjet micropatterning for spatial monitoring of leaf expansion

Delivering high-resolution landmarks using inkjet micropatterning for spatial monitoring of leaf expansion

Using a PEDOT:PSS modified electrode for detecting nitric oxide gas

Nanowire Conductive Polymer Gas Sensor Patterned Using Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Lithography

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