An innovative modulating retro-reflector for free-space optical communication

Rosenkrantz, Etai; Arnon, Shlomi

doi:10.1117/12.2022745

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Based on the state-of-the-art literature in [9]- [11], the hardware implementation is briefly discussed to keep the integrity of this article. Meanwhile, the interested readers are referred to [3] for the capital expenditure analysis of FSO based vertical fronthaul links.…”

Section: B Hardware Implementationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The medium-altitude-long-endurance balloon, which is placed in quasi-stationary location, can generally provide a high payload for mounting the FSO devices, cache media and avionics. Since the RFTRx has low power consumption, small form factor and light weight, the major SWAP burden on the UAVs is offloaded to ground nodes and high payload platform [9]. The retromodulator based FSO devices can also provide a generally large field-of-view angle such that the laser beam can easily be aligned [9].…”

Section: ) Uav Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the RFTRx has low power consumption, small form factor and light weight, the major SWAP burden on the UAVs is offloaded to ground nodes and high payload platform [9]. The retromodulator based FSO devices can also provide a generally large field-of-view angle such that the laser beam can easily be aligned [9]. Moreover, the reflected laser via the retromodulator has the same direction of the unmodulated laser beam.…”

Section: ) Uav Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Fig. 4(a), we investigate a downlink use case where the SRRHs are randomly distributed over a 300-meter long road, and the PUAV are SUAVs are cruising over an altitude of 300 meters following the channel setting [3], [9]. The PUAV and GCS are deployed 2500-meter and 3000-meter far from the center of the trajectories, respectively.…”

Section: Use Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Edge Computing Empowered Radio Access Network with UAV-Mounted FSO Fronthaul and Backhaul: Key Challenges and Approaches

Dong

Hassan

Cheng

et al. 2018

IEEE Wireless Commun.

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One promising approach to address the supply-demand mismatch between the terrestrial infrastructure and the temporary and/or unexpected traffic demands is to leverage the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technologies. Motivated by the recent advancement of UAV technologies and retromodulator based free space optical communication, we propose a novel edge-computing empowered radio access network architecture where the fronthaul and backhaul links are mounted on the UAVs for rapid event response and flexible deployment. The implementation of hardware and networking technologies for the proposed architecture are investigated. Due to the limited payload and endurance as well as the high mobility of UAVs, research challenges related to the communication resource management and recent research progress are reported.

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Section: B Hardware Implementationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Uav Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Uav Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Use Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An Edge Computing Empowered Radio Access Network with UAV-Mounted FSO Fronthaul and Backhaul: Key Challenges and Approaches

Dong

Hassan

Cheng

et al. 2018

IEEE Wireless Commun.

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“…Yet and in all previous studies, the effect of atmospheric turbulence channel between transceiver and sensor nodes is ignored and analysis were conducted in the presence of noise only. The link budget of modulating CCR FSO system is investigated in the work of Rosenkrantz and Arnon . The characteristics of the received optical signals for MRR FSO communication systems are investigated in the works of Mahon et al Moreover, the BER and the capacity of MRR FSO systems under weak turbulence were analyzed over lognormal atmospheric turbulence channel in other works .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of free space optical–based wireless sensor networks using corner cube retroreflectors

Althunibat

Altarawneh

Mesleh

2019

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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Asymmetric free space optical wireless sensor networks (FSO-WSNs) have gained momentous attention lately due to the promise of minimal energy consumption at the distributed sensors along with eminent performance. Asymmetric FSO is accomplished using corner cube retroreflector (CCR) that is mounted on each sensor node. The CCR either reflects or absorbs the received laser beam from the fusion center to indicate its local decision regarding the monitored target. In this study, a bistatic channel is assumed where the transmitter and the receiver are located at different locations such that the double pass channel is modeled as a product of two independent turbulence channels. Novel performance analysis of the CCR-based FSO-WSN system in terms of the average bit error rate (BER) and the average decision error rate (DER) is presented. In particular, closed-form expressions for the BER and the DER are derived using the Fox H-function under different bistatic turbulent channel models including negative exponential, K-turbulence, Gamma-Gamma, and Malaga channel models.Monte Carlo simulation results are obtained to corroborate the accuracy of the derived analytical formulas where an exact match is reported over wide range of system and channel parameters. In addition, the influence of transmit power, distance, detection threshold, and turbulence parameters on the performance of the system is investigated and thoroughly discoursed.Trans Emerging Tel Tech. 2019;30:e3707.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ett considered as the most energy efficient since CCRs are very compact and operate at extremely low power consumption in the order of 0.1 nJ/bit. 11 The basic principle of CCR-based FSO-WSN implies that the fusion center (FC) emits a continuous laser beam toward each node in the WSNs to collect its binary decision. If the decision is 1, the CCR reflects the laser beam back to the FC. Alternatively, if the decision is 0, the CCR will not be activated and no signal will be reflected to the FC. Thus, the decision of the corresponding node is detected based on the intensity of the reflected beam. It is discernible that the energy consumption at the distributed nodes is at its minimum value. In literature, extensive research works have focused on fabricating the CCR and other modulating retroreflector (MRR) devices. 12,13 The establishment of the experimental CCR FSO systems is performed in other works, 14-17 which adequately demonstrates the feasibility of the CCR FSO technology. The signal to-noise ratio (SNR) of a transceiver and a single CCR in a WSN based on a passive MRR is analyzed in the work of Hsu et al. 11 Noonpakdee et al 14 propose an optical wireless identification scheme employing a thin film CCR (TCCR). The system was found to have potential advantages over hybrid RFID systems. In the work of Noonpakdee, 15 an indoor optical wireless communication system using CCR was proposed for health monitoring applications. Noonpakdee 16 proposed a passive-active optical wireless transmission for personal health monitoring sys...

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Performance analysis of modulating retro‐reflector free space optical communication system over gamma‐gamma fading channels

Liu

Lin

et al. 2021

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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In this paper, we analyze the modulating retro‐reflector (MRR) channel under different correlated conditions and derived its closed‐form expressions for the probability density function, which is helpful to the design of practical MRR free space optical (FSO) systems. A series of closed‐form expressions for BER performance of several perspective modulation schemes is investigated for MRR FSO communication system over moderate to strong fading channels by use of Gamma‐Gamma (G‐G) distribution. Simulation results show that the effect of correlation between links play a significant role in FSO communication, while varies markedly under different modulation schemes, which provide guidelines for the design and optimization of satellite‐ground laser communication system.

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An innovative modulating retro-reflector for free-space optical communication

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

An Edge Computing Empowered Radio Access Network with UAV-Mounted FSO Fronthaul and Backhaul: Key Challenges and Approaches

An Edge Computing Empowered Radio Access Network with UAV-Mounted FSO Fronthaul and Backhaul: Key Challenges and Approaches

Performance analysis of free space optical–based wireless sensor networks using corner cube retroreflectors

Performance analysis of modulating retro‐reflector free space optical communication system over gamma‐gamma fading channels

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