An Inside Look into Biological Miniatures: Molecular Mechanisms of Viroids

Venkataraman, Srividhya; Badar, Uzma; Hashim, Ghyda Murad; AbouHaidar, Mounir G.; Hefferon, Kathleen

doi:10.3390/ijms22062795

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 218 publications

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“…In addition, a TFIIIA with only the last seven zinc fingers (TFIIIA-7ZF) is produced in dependence upon plant development [ 6 , 7 ]. Recent results suggest that viroids—small, circular, non-coding pathogenic RNAs with high adaptability to the metabolism of their plant hosts (for reviews see e. g., [ 8 , 9 , 10 ])—adopted TFIIIA-7ZF for their own propagation. Although TFIIIA and its shorter variant are modulated upon viroid infection and are obviously potent interactive members of the zinc finger family in plants, little is known about a possible involvement of TFIIIA-7ZF in physiological processes connected to viroid propagation, pathogenesis, or plant morphogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Splicing Variant TFIIIA-7ZF of Viroid-Modulated Transcription Factor IIIA Causes Physiological Irregularities in Transgenic Tobacco and Transient Somatic Depression of “Degradome” Characteristic for Developing Pollen

Matoušek

Steger

2022

Cells

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Viroids are small, non-coding, pathogenic RNAs with a significant ability of adaptation to several basic cellular processes in plants. TFIIIA-7ZF, a splicing variant of transcription factor IIIA, is involved in replication of nuclear-replicating viroids by DNA-dependent polymerase II. We overexpressed NbTFIIIA-7ZF from Nicotiana benthamiana in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) where it caused morphological and physiological deviations like plant stunting, splitting of leaf petioles, pistils or apexes, irregular branching of shoots, formation of double-blade leaves, deformation of main stems, and modification of glandular trichomes. Plant aging and senescence was dramatically delayed in transgenic lines. Factors potentially involved in viroid degradation and elimination in pollen were transiently depressed in transgenic leaves. This depressed “degradome” in young plants involved NtTudor S-like nuclease, dicers, argonoute 5, and pollen extracellular nuclease I showing expression in tobacco anthers and leaves. Analysis of the “degradome” in tobacco leaves transformed with either of two hop viroids confirmed modifications of the “degradome” and TFIIIA expression. Thus, the regulatory network connected to TFIIIA-7ZF could be involved in plant pathogenesis as well as in viroid adaptation to avoid its degradation. These results support the hypothesis on a significant impact of limited TFIIIA-7ZF on viroid elimination in pollen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Splicing Variant TFIIIA-7ZF of Viroid-Modulated Transcription Factor IIIA Causes Physiological Irregularities in Transgenic Tobacco and Transient Somatic Depression of “Degradome” Characteristic for Developing Pollen

Matoušek

Steger

2022

Cells

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“…Os pospiviroides replicam-se no núcleo das células hospedeiras por meio de um mecanismo de círculo rolante assimétrico, baseado única e exclusivamente em RNA, possuem uma região central conservada (CCR) entre espécies do mesmo gênero e não apresentam atividade ribozimática (FLORES et al 2014;VENKATARAMAN et al 2021;WANG 2021). O RNA dos pospiviroides tem um tamanho que varia de 300 a 375 nucleotídeos em forma de bastão (autopareamento de bases nitrogenadas) com domínios estruturais denominados: C -região central da molécula, que contém a CCR (região central conservada); P -relacionado com a patogênese em alguns viroides; V -onde se encontra a maior variabilidade entre viroides similares; TL e TR -localizados nos extremos esquerdo e direito da molécula, respectivamente (Figura 1).…”

Section: Propriedades Gerais Dos Principais Pospiviroides Que Infectam Hortaliças E Ornamentaisunclassified

Pospiviroides de importância para hortaliças e ornamentais: panorama dos aspectos fitopatológicos e dos riscos para os sistemas agrícolas brasileiros

Wierzbicki¹,

Eiras²

2021

RAPP

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Há cerca de 50 anos, a etiologia de uma série de doenças de plantas, até então desconhecidas ou atribuídas a possíveis vírus, começou a ser elucidada com a descoberta dos viroides. Minúsculos agentes fitopatogênicos e constituídos exclusivamente por uma molécula de RNA circular de fita simples, os viroides têm causado epidemias, principalmente em cultivos protegidos de hortaliças e ornamentais. Apesar de induzirem sintomas que podem ser severos, muitas infecções transcorrem sem que haja a expressão de sintomas perceptíveis, dificultando o diagnóstico, o que possibilita a perpetuação dos viroides nos cultivos, facilitando a sua disseminação. Atualmente, as taxas de transmissão de viroides por sementes e sua distribuição geográfica incerta e dinâmica têm suscitado questões relacionadas à produção de sementes e aos riscos de disseminação desses patógenos. Pretende-se com esta revisão abordar e discutir aspectos da biologia dos pospiviroides (família Pospiviroidae), especificamente dos gêneros Pospiviroid, Hostuviroid e Coleviroid, que infectam hortaliças e ornamentais, incluindo o estado da arte da sua distribuição geográfica e ocorrência, classificação, sintomas, transmissão, diagnóstico, epidemiologia e estratégias para o manejo e controle desses patógenos

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“…Alternatively, host RNA silencing machinery may also produce viroid-derived small RNAs (vd-sRNAs), which can interfere with various gene expression pathways within the infected plant. This has recently been reviewed [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomics Advancement in the Complex Response of Plants to Viroid Infection

Joubert

Berg

Theron

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Viroids are the smallest plant pathogens, consisting of a single-stranded circular RNA of less than 500 ribonucleotides in length. Despite their noncoding nature, viroids elicit disease symptoms in many economically important plant hosts, and are, thus, a class of pathogens of great interest. How these viroids establish disease within host plants, however, is not yet fully understood. Recent transcriptomic studies have revealed that viroid infection influences the expression of genes in several pathways and processes in plants, including defence responses, phytohormone signalling, cell wall modification, photosynthesis, secondary metabolism, transport, gene expression and protein modification. There is much debate about whether affected pathways signify a plant response to viroid infection, or are associated with the appearance of disease symptoms in these interactions. In this review, we consolidate the findings of viroid–host transcriptome studies to provide an overview of trends observed in the data. When considered together, changes in the gene expression of different hosts upon viroid infection reveal commonalities and differences in diverse interactions. Here, we discuss whether trends in host gene expression can be correlated to plant defence or disease development during viroid infection, and highlight avenues for future research in this field.

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An Inside Look into Biological Miniatures: Molecular Mechanisms of Viroids

Cited by 17 publications

References 218 publications

The Splicing Variant TFIIIA-7ZF of Viroid-Modulated Transcription Factor IIIA Causes Physiological Irregularities in Transgenic Tobacco and Transient Somatic Depression of “Degradome” Characteristic for Developing Pollen

The Splicing Variant TFIIIA-7ZF of Viroid-Modulated Transcription Factor IIIA Causes Physiological Irregularities in Transgenic Tobacco and Transient Somatic Depression of “Degradome” Characteristic for Developing Pollen

Pospiviroides de importância para hortaliças e ornamentais: panorama dos aspectos fitopatológicos e dos riscos para os sistemas agrícolas brasileiros

Transcriptomics Advancement in the Complex Response of Plants to Viroid Infection

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