An insight into the current oil spills and on-site bioremediation approaches to contaminated sites in Nigeria

Mafiana, Macdonald Ogorm; Bashiru, Mustapha Dimah; Erhunmwunsee, Famous; Dirisu, Chimezie Gabriel; Li, Shi-Weng

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-11533-1

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Once the production of oil starts and the planned oil pipeline is completed, oil spills and chemicals used for the extraction of oil pose a significant risk to water and pasture resources that are needed by pastoral communities for their livelihood [21,106]. For instance, studies from Nigeria show how detrimental oils spills are to soil, groundwater and vegetation [107]. In Turkana, there is also a higher risk of an escalation of conflict between local communities and the oil company, as community members have repeatedly blocked access roads or attacked oil sites to emphasize their demands for employment opportunities and water.…”

Section: Oil Exploitation In Turkanamentioning

confidence: 99%

Facing old and new risks in arid environments: The case of pastoral communities in Northern Kenya

Schilling,

Werland

2023

PLOS Clim

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Pastoralism is an important form of livelihood in Kenya, particularly in northern Kenya. While pastoralists have always faced risks such as political marginalization, harsh climate conditions and violent conflict, pastoral communities are increasingly exposed to new risks such as wildlife conservancies as well as large-scale wind and oil projects. The growing climate security literature has provided some insights into how changing rainfall patterns are affecting pastoralist conflicts, but we know little about the compound nature of multiple risks. This paper seeks to narrow this knowledge gap. It aims to better understand new and old risks and their combined impact on pastoral communities in the counties of Turkana, Samburu and Marsabit. The study is based on a comprehensive and structured review of the scientific literature. The findings show that all pastoral communities in northern Kenya face the old risks while the newer ones are county-specific. In Turkana, potential oil spills threaten land and water resources upon which pastoralist communities depend. In Samburu, wildlife conservancies have changed the land-use system, and in Marsabit a pastoral community is exposed to noise and visible emissions from a wind park. Common to these risks are that they: (1) are caused by top-down governance processes with little to no community involvement; (2) reduce the mobility and access to water and pasture of (some) pastoral communities; (3) change the security situation. A rethinking of wildlife conservancies and energy projects is needed that involves pastoral communities from the outset and makes them the primary beneficiaries of any measure implemented in northern Kenya.

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Section: Oil Exploitation In Turkanamentioning

confidence: 99%

Facing old and new risks in arid environments: The case of pastoral communities in Northern Kenya

Schilling,

Werland

2023

PLOS Clim

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“…When it is applied in the microbial remediation of petroleum contaminated soil (also referred to as oily soil), the polluting petroleum hydrocarbons are used as the carbon source for microbial metabolism to degrade the pollutants into less toxic forms. Additionally, the use of pollutants as the carbon source provides a promising route to on-site, or in situ remediation of petroleum contaminated soil (Ma ana et al, 2021;Singh et al, 2022). As a result, the degradation or removal of the pollutants can improve the soil ecosystem by effectively reducing the toxicity, an important evaluation index of soil health status (Saterbak et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot-scale field studies on activated microbial remediation of petroleum contaminated soil

Sun

Luo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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A simple and cost-effective microbial remediation process has been developed for the treatment of petroleum contaminated soil by adding microbial activators to active the native microorganisms for enhancing the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon. The microbial activator is formulated to provide nitrogen sources, phosphorus sources, trace elements, growth factors, biosurfactants, and soil pH regulators. The field trials, involving two 500 m3 oily soil samples with initial oil content of 5.01% and 2.15%, respectively, show that the petroleum hydrocarbon content can be reduced to 0.41% and 0.02%, respectively, in 50 days, reaching the national standard of cultivated land category II. The treatment period is significantly shorter than the commonly used composting and bioaugmentation methods. The remediation effect of microbial activator on oily soil was investigated through the germination experiment of rye seeds. The results showed that the activator itself could not only activate the functional microorganisms in the soil, but also reduce the biological toxicity of oily soil. After 40 days of treatment, the germination rate of rye seeds increased from 20–90%, indicating that the microbial activator could be effectively used for rapid in-situ remediation of oil contaminated soil.

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“…Negative impacts relating to environmental damage and health are well recognized. For example, an incomplete record of oil spills in the Niger Delta Region (NDR) of Nigeria over the past 30 years shows that four million barrels of oil spilled between 1991 and 2011 and a further 12,381 spilled between 2011 and 2019 ( 12 , 13 ). Alongside land clearing, gas flaring and infrastructure development, spills have left land and water ways inaccessible and unproductive ( 12 , 13 ), resulting in further deforestation and exploitation of marginal land as people are pushed to find alternative sources of income ( 10 , 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, an incomplete record of oil spills in the Niger Delta Region (NDR) of Nigeria over the past 30 years shows that four million barrels of oil spilled between 1991 and 2011 and a further 12,381 spilled between 2011 and 2019 ( 12 , 13 ). Alongside land clearing, gas flaring and infrastructure development, spills have left land and water ways inaccessible and unproductive ( 12 , 13 ), resulting in further deforestation and exploitation of marginal land as people are pushed to find alternative sources of income ( 10 , 14 ). Approximately 64% of the population of the oil-rich Niger Delta Region have neither a stable income nor access to basic amenities despite the oil resources deposited in the region ( 13 – 15 ) and in 2006, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) reported that the Niger Delta region's human development index was substantially below countries or regions with similar gas and oil reserves such as Venezuela and Indonesia ( 16 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of oil industry-related social exclusion on community wellbeing and health in African countries

Nkem

Topp²,

Devine³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundOil is the mainstay revenue for a number of African countries. However, extraction can result in multiple impacts on the health and wellbeing of communities living in oil-rich areas. This review explored evidence of oil industry-related social exclusion on community health and wellbeing on the African continent.MethodsWe used a systematic approach guided by PRISMA to search six databases for empirical and descriptive sources focused on oil industry impacts, in any African country, between 1960 to 2021. Findings were grouped according to four dimensions of the Social Exclusion Knowledge Network (SEKN) framework: political, social, economic, and cultural.ResultsFifteen articles were identified, of which 13 articles focused on Nigeria; while one focused on Sudan, and one on Côte d'Ivoire and South Africa. Evidence relating to political aspects of social exclusion encompassed marginalization of indigenous communities through land grabs and unequal representation in political decision making. Limited compensation for environmental damage and livelihood displacement caused by oil-extraction, and high rates of unemployment and poverty were key themes of the economic dimension. Evidence of social impacts included lack of government, or oil-industry investment in social infrastructure; poor health and wellbeing linked to land, air, and water pollution; homelessness and lack of social cohesion. The cultural dimension of social exclusion was comparatively underexplored and only six sources included data collection with indigenous residents, and comparatively more sources were written by non-citizens or non-residents of oil-industry affected areas. Major themes included impacts on collective identity, ways of life and values, particularly where loss of ownership or access to land was experienced.ConclusionOil industry activities in African countries are clearly associated with multiple exclusionary impacts. However, the narrow body of empirical research limits understanding of the lived experiences and management of social exclusion by residents of oil-rich areas themselves and is an area deserving of further attention.

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An insight into the current oil spills and on-site bioremediation approaches to contaminated sites in Nigeria

Cited by 15 publications

References 128 publications

Facing old and new risks in arid environments: The case of pastoral communities in Northern Kenya

Facing old and new risks in arid environments: The case of pastoral communities in Northern Kenya

Pilot-scale field studies on activated microbial remediation of petroleum contaminated soil

The impact of oil industry-related social exclusion on community wellbeing and health in African countries

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