An insight into the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity of smoked cigarette butt leachate by using Allium cepa as test system

Montalvão, Mateus Flores; Sampaio, L.L.G.; Gomes, Huan Henrique Ferreira; Malafaia, Guilherme

doi:10.1007/s11356-018-3731-2

Cited by 38 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As an alternative, changes in biomass, as measured by chlorophyll a concentration, are monitored. This sublethal endpoint is consistent with sublethal effects of CBs on other organisms, for example, behaviors to reduce exposure: clamping the shell opening to the substrate by tidepool snails and avoidance by terrestrial snails (Booth et al 2015;Gill et al 2018; respectively) and cell nuclear abnormalities in house finches and onions (Suárez-Rodríguez and Marías Garcia 2014; Montalvão et al 2019b;respectively). Sublethal measures of diatom health have also been developed-including chloroplast condition and changes in lipid bodies.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Cigarette butt effects on diatom health in a stream ecosystem

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cigarette butts are a prevalent form of litter containing numerous toxic chemicals. Because cigarette butts are frequently deposited on the ground and carried into water bodies, greater understanding of the toxic effects of cigarette butts in aquatic ecosystems is needed. We examined the toxicity of cigarette butts to algal growth and diatom health-especially pertinent because of the strong ecological role of these organisms. We modified the agar-based nutrientdiffusing substrate method by using cigarette butt leachate (at 10, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 butts/l concentrations), a whole cigarette butt, and a plain agar control. After incubating for 10 days in a small stream, the biofilms from the diffusing substrates were assessed for algal biomass and diatom health (chloroplast intactness and size of lipid bodies in two abundant species of Navicula). There were no significant differences among the cigarette butt treatments for algal biomass or diatom health; hence, evidence of toxic effects was not found. Other studies have demonstrated cigarette butt leachate toxicity to fish and aquatic invertebrates, but these studies were done in closed systems. In contrast, in open stream ecosystems, effluent may be quickly diluted and carried away by water flow, and the complex chemical environment of streams likely includes leachate from a variety of riparian leaves that fell into the stream (i.e., algae are naturally exposed to low concentrations of a wide variety of secondary chemicals). Our results do not preclude the finding of toxicity of cigarette butt effluent to algae, including diatoms, in standard toxicity tests.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Cigarette butt effects on diatom health in a stream ecosystem

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…First, the leakage of metals and other trapped pollutants in the filter causes complications in various organisms, even plants 29 , 30 . In fact, cigarette butts as a hazardous waste can have an adverse effect on the growth process of organisms and plants 31 . In some studies, even the death of organisms exposed to cigarette butts has been reported 32 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variation of CBPI and leakage of heavy metals from cigarette butts into the urban environment

Darabi

Hassani

Alinejad

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

More than 5 trillion cigarettes are produced in the world every year. This hazardous waste is one of the most important litter in the environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the density and dispersion of cigarette butts in the urban environment and to estimate the leakage of pollution from it to the environment. For this purpose, the cigarette butt pollution index was used in 14 locations. Observations were made during a year and once a month for each location. The study of the locations was done with the same conditions on weekend and working days. The amount of heavy metal leakage was estimated based on the average weight of cigarette butts and the ratio of metal leakage in different weather conditions. The results showed that the annual average of index for the studied locations was 1.36 (SD 0.11) to 10.6 (SD 1.23). Based on this, 28.5% of the locations were in the low pollution status and 42.8% were in the significant pollution status and worse. On average, the index on weekend decreased by 32.3 percent in all locations, and the average index of the studied locations in spring and summer was 26.2 percent higher than in autumn and winter. The average leakage of heavy metals including chromium, cadmium, zinc, lead, copper, and nickel from littered cigarette butts in commercial, residential, and recreational areas was estimated to be 0.27, 0.079, and 0.17 µg per square meter, respectively. Cigarette butt is one of the most abundant litter in the studied area, which is the source of many pollutants, including heavy metals. This hazardous waste is a serious threat to the urban environment.

show abstract

“…The effects reported in terrestrial plants include physiology: chlorophyll [11], root water content [54], growth (root [54] and shoot length/biomass [11]; cell growth and overall toxicity, comprising cytotoxicity, i.e., cell toxicity and mutagenicity [53]. Green et al [11] investigated effects on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens) following exposure to regular vs. mentholated cigarette butts including smoked butts with remnant tobacco attached and unsmoked filters.…”

Section: Studies Of Impacts Of Cigarette Butts In Terrestrial Systems...mentioning

confidence: 99%