An integrated approach to control the introduced forest pathogen Heterobasidion irregulare in Europe

Gonthier, Paolo; Anselmi, N.; Capretti, P.; Bussotti, Filippo; Feducci, Matteo; Giordano, Luana; Honorati, T.; Lione, Guglielmo Gianni; Luchi, Nicola; Michelozzi, Marco; Paparatti, B.; Sillo, Fabiano; Vettraino, Anna Maria; Garbelotto, Matteo

doi:10.1093/forestry/cpu015

Cited by 36 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The comparison between the number of ectomycorrhizas and their density between seedlings inoculated with the nonnative and native pathogens and the MCMC GLMMs showed that the mycorrhizal density in inoculated seedlings was not influenced either by the fungal pathogen species or by the fungal genotype inoculated. This finding might be partially explained by considering that the nonnative and native fungal pathogens do not differ in their pathogenicity (Garbelotto et al ., ; Gonthier et al ., ). The lack of significant differences in the length of stem portions of seedlings colonized by H. irregulare and H. annosum furthermore confirms their comparable virulence on the common host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The mycorrhizal formation level and its homogeneity among seedlings were confirmed by observations under a dissecting microscope (×40 magnification) of root systems of 10 randomly selected seedlings. Pinus pinea was selected for this experiment because it is the most widespread host for both Heterobasidion species in the invasion area in central Italy (Garbelotto & Gonthier, ; Gonthier et al ., ) and could easily be mycorrhized with T. borchii (Zambonelli et al ., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A nonnative and a native fungal plant pathogen similarly stimulate ectomycorrhizal development but are perceived differently by a fungal symbiont

et al. 2016

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The effects of plant symbionts on host defence responses against pathogens have been extensively documented, but little is known about the impact of pathogens on the symbiosis and if such an impact may differ for nonnative and native pathogens. Here, this issue was addressed in a study of the model system comprising Pinus pinea, its ectomycorrhizal symbiont Tuber borchii, and the nonnative and native pathogens Heterobasidion irregulare and Heterobasidion annosum, respectively. In a 6-month inoculation experiment and using both in planta and gene expression analyses, we tested the hypothesis that H. irregulare has greater effects on the symbiosis than H. annosum. Although the two pathogens induced the same morphological reaction in the plant-symbiont complex, with mycorrhizal density increasing exponentially with pathogen colonization of the host, the number of target genes regulated in T. borchii in plants inoculated with the native pathogen (i.e. 67% of tested genes) was more than twice that in plants inoculated with the nonnative pathogen (i.e. 27% of genes). Although the two fungal pathogens did not differentially affect the amount of ectomycorrhizas, the fungal symbiont perceived their presence differently. The results may suggest that the symbiont has the ability to recognize a self/native and a nonself/nonnative pathogen, probably through host plant-mediated signal transduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nonnative and a native fungal plant pathogen similarly stimulate ectomycorrhizal development but are perceived differently by a fungal symbiont

et al. 2016

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“…The species complex consists of five necrotrophic pathogens considered to cause some of the most destructive diseases of conifers: three native species in Eurasia and two in North America (Korhonen et al, 1998;Otrosina and Garbelotto, 2010). In addition, Heterobasidion irregulare, another North American species, is an invasive alien species in Europe posing a serious threat to forestry (Gonthier et al, 2007(Gonthier et al, , 2014.…”

Section: Heterobasidion Root Rotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating mechanistic disturbance models and stand dynamics of Norway spruce

Honkaniemi¹

2017

Diss. For.

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Disturbances, caused by abiotic and biotic agents, are discrete events in time disrupting the ecosystem and resulting in the reduction of plant biomass. They play a key role in forest ecosystems, but in the managed forests pose a risk to forest productivity. The projected climate change is expected to increase the risk of various disturbances in the boreal forests. In Europe, the major risks threatening the Norway spruce (Picea abies) dominated stands are caused by Heterobasidion root rot, wind storms, and European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus). Heterobasidion root rot causes growth losses, mortality and decreases the timber quality. It also decreases the mechanical stability of the tree against wind load and increases the stand vulnerability for wind damages. Bark beetles benefit from the low resistance breeding material, i.e., wind damaged trees, when the population is low and can emerge as outbreaks in the right conditions. This thesis presents a simulation framework WINDROT to simulate the interactive dynamics of these disturbance agents. WINDROT consists of four simulation models, each responsible for either the dynamics of the host or one of the disturbance agents. A stand level decision support system, MOTTI, simulates the growth and dynamics of tree stands as affected by forest management, and provides inputs for mechanistic models Hmodel, HWIND and BBDYN simulating the dynamics and effects of disturbance agents. The model performance analyses in tree and stand scale showed that; i) the Heterobasidion dynamics are driven by primary and secondary infections on large stumps; ii) increasing intensity of Heterobasidion root rot damages increases the risk for wind damages; and iii) the increasing wind damages increased the subsequent bark beetle damages. The simulation framework can be used to analyze the sensitivity of different forest management regimes to the risks posed by these damages alone and in various combinations.

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“…pines), H. irregulare and H. annosum s.s . differ in their saprobic and sporulating potential, the former being characterized by a much higher transmission rate compared to the latter (Garbelotto et al ., ; Giordano et al ., ; Gonthier et al ., ). H. irregulare × H. annosum s.s .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

PM 7/140 (1) Heterobasidion irregulare

2020

EPPO Bulletin

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An integrated approach to control the introduced forest pathogen Heterobasidion irregulare in Europe

Cited by 36 publications

References 36 publications

A nonnative and a native fungal plant pathogen similarly stimulate ectomycorrhizal development but are perceived differently by a fungal symbiont

A nonnative and a native fungal plant pathogen similarly stimulate ectomycorrhizal development but are perceived differently by a fungal symbiont

Integrating mechanistic disturbance models and stand dynamics of Norway spruce

PM 7/140 (1) Heterobasidion irregulare

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