An integrated microfluidic platform for selective and real-time detection of thrombin biomarkers using a graphene FET

Khan, Niazul Islam; Mousazadehkasin, Mohammad; Ghosh, Sujoy; Tsavalas, John G.; Song, Edward

doi:10.1039/d0an00251h

Cited by 63 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Although Ag/AgCl demonstrates the best performance in terms of the operating voltage, gate leakage and gate hysteresis, in-plane gold electrode was used throughout the experiments as it gives the highest uniformity of the charge neutrality point among the devices on a single chip. Moreover, the in-plane configuration of the gold electrode which can be fabricated at the same lithography step as the source and drain electrodes enhances the compactness of the setup and allows the potential integration with the microfluidic platform [ 8 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Raman spectra for the PTDA-modified graphene were taken at 3 different spots on the surface. Figure 5 B shows the Raman spectra of the blank and the PTDA-functionalized graphene where the G-band split at around 1628 cm −1 indicates the anchoring of the PTDAs by π-π stacking interaction between the pyrene ring of the PTDA and the basal plane of graphene [ 8 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limit of detection (LOD) of the GFET-based IL-6 sensor under this pH environment was calculated to be ~8 pM which is an order of magnitude larger than that under the physiological pH (pH ~7.4). Figure 8 B also shows the Hill-Langmuir fit (See Appendix C ) of the experimental data [ 8 ]. The sensing performances of the proposed sensor are comparable to other results published in the literature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A typical non-covalent attachment of aptamers on graphene involves a two-step method as shown in Figure 1A. In the first step, a pyrene is anchored on the graphene via the π-π stacking interaction and in the second step, the amine-terminated aptamer is attached to the pyrene via the EDC/NHS (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide) crosslinking chemistry [8]. A schematic illustration of (A) a two-step aptamer functionalization on graphene requiring the use of organic solvents to dissolve and disperse PBASE (1-pyrenebutyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester) and (B) the proposed one-step modification process of aptamer probes on graphenebased field-effect transistor (GFET).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of an IL-6 Biomarker Using a GFET Platform Developed with a Facile Organic Solvent-Free Aptamer Immobilization Approach

Khan

Song

2021

Sensors

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Aptamer-immobilized graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) have become a well-known detection platform in the field of biosensing with various biomarkers such as proteins, bacteria, virus, as well as chemicals. A conventional aptamer immobilization technique on graphene involves a two-step crosslinking process. In the first step, a pyrene derivative is anchored onto the surface of graphene and, in the second step, an amine-terminated aptamer is crosslinked to the pyrene backbone with EDC/NHS (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide) chemistry. However, this process often requires the use of organic solvents such as dimethyl formamide (DMF) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) which are typically polar aprotic solvents and hence dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds. The use of such solvents can be especially problematic in the fabrication of lab-on-a-chip or point-of-care diagnostic platforms as they can attack vulnerable materials such as polymers, passivation layers and microfluidic tubing leading to device damage and fluid leakage. To remedy such challenges, in this work, we demonstrate the use of pyrene-tagged DNA aptamers (PTDA) for performing a one-step aptamer immobilization technique to implement a GFET-based biosensor for the detection of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) protein biomarker. In this approach, the aptamer terminal is pre-tagged with a pyrene group which becomes soluble in aqueous solution. This obviates the need for using organic solvents, thereby enhancing the device integrity. In addition, an external electric field is applied during the functionalization step to increase the efficiency of aptamer immobilization and hence improved coverage and density. The results from this work could potentially open up new avenues for the use of GFET-based BioMEMS platforms by broadening the choice of materials used for device fabrication and integration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of an IL-6 Biomarker Using a GFET Platform Developed with a Facile Organic Solvent-Free Aptamer Immobilization Approach

Khan

Song

2021

Sensors

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Graphene Transistors for In Vitro Detection of Health Biomarkers

Dai

Kong

Chen

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Biomarkers are primary indicators for precise diagnosis and treatment. The early identification of health biomarkers has been sustained by the evolutionary success in sensor technologies. Among them, graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensors have exhibited major advantages such as an ultrashort response time, high sensitivity, easy operation, capability of integration, and label-free detection. Owing to the atomic thickness, graphene restricts charge carrier flow merely at the material surface and responds to foreign stimuli directly, leading to effective signal acquisition and transmission. Here, this review summarizes the latest advances in GFET biosensors in a comprehensive manner that contains the device design, working principle, surface functionalization, and proof-of-concept applications. It provides a comprehensive survey of GFET biosensors with regard to biomarker analysis at the single-device level and integrated prototypes that include wearable sensors, biomimetic systems, healthcare electronics, and diagnostic platforms. Moreover, there is discussion on the long-standing research efforts and outlook for the future development of GFET sensor systems from lab to fab.

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Recent Advances in Graphene Field‐Effect Transistor Toward Biological Detection

Sun,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Recently, field‐effect transistors (FETs) have emerged as a novel type of multiparameter, high‐performance, highly integrated platform for biochemical detection, leveraging their classical three‐terminal structure, working principles, and fabrication methods. Notably, graphene materials, known for their exceptional electrical and optical properties as well as biocompatibility, serve as a fundamental component of these devices, further enhancing their advantages in biological detection. This review places special emphasis on recent advancements in graphene field‐effect transistor (GFET)‐based biosensors and focuses on four main areas: i) the basic concepts of FETs and the specific electrical properties of GFETs; ii) various state‐of‐the‐art approaches to enhance the performance of GFET‐based biosensors in terms of operating principles and the “3S”—stability, sensitivity, and specificity; iii) multiplexed detection strategies for GFET‐based biosensors; and iv) the current challenges and future perspectives in the field of GFET‐based biosensors. It is hoped that this article can profoundly elucidate the development of GFET biosensors and inspire a broader audience.

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An integrated microfluidic platform for selective and real-time detection of thrombin biomarkers using a graphene FET

Abstract: Continuous and real-time detection of protein biomarker using a microfluidic graphene-based transistor functionalized with thrombin-binding aptamers.

Cited by 63 publications

References 60 publications

Detection of an IL-6 Biomarker Using a GFET Platform Developed with a Facile Organic Solvent-Free Aptamer Immobilization Approach

Detection of an IL-6 Biomarker Using a GFET Platform Developed with a Facile Organic Solvent-Free Aptamer Immobilization Approach

Graphene Transistors for In Vitro Detection of Health Biomarkers

Recent Advances in Graphene Field‐Effect Transistor Toward Biological Detection

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