An integrated planning concept for the emerging underground urbanism: Deep City Method Part 1 concept, process and application

Abstract

Abstract:Four underground resources have been seen as having a long-term potential to support sustainable urban development: underground space, groundwater, geomaterials and geothermal energy. Utilization of these resources proposes a new paradigm of economic development: underground urbanism. The new management approach named "Deep City Method" is put forward to aid decisionmakers to integrate global potential of the urban underground into city-scale strategic planning. The research output will be presented in form of two papers each with a different focus. Part 1 aims to introduce the concept, process and initial application in Switzerland; Part 2 is devoted to show methodological insight for a new zoning policy in China and investment scenarios for project cost viability. This Part 1 paper will begin by presenting the fundamental concept of the Deep City Method, followed by a proposition for a trans-institutional planning process. The application is firstly based on a rating system to identify cities having a potential for underground development. The city of Geneva is selected for conceptual application and strategic level study. Further operational steps are required in order to generalize the concept to other cities around the world.

A conceptual framework for land use and metro infrastructure

“…Alternatively, the metro may have been granted statutory powers to take more land or subsoil than is physically required for its structures either by retaining it or disposing of it with restrictive covenants imposed on the land, through property rights, thus future-proofing the presence of the metro (Crossrail, 2016; Darroch, 2014). These measures allow proactive protection of the interests of the metro A conceptual framework for land use and metro infrastructure Darroch, Beecroft and Nelson organisation at the proposal, rather than the construction, stage of urban redevelopment (Li et al, 2013;Rönkä et al, 1998).…”

“…The requirement for alternatives to use of airspace and land space within already densely developed cities is driving calls for the use of underground urban space (UUS) under buildings or highways, not just for foundations but also as additional functional space (Bobylev, 2009;Cui et al, 2013;Durmisevic, 1999;Hunt et al, 2016;Japan Tunnelling Association et al, 2000). A significant body of work has been produced on such topics, with calls for better urban planning to create sustainable cities and, in some instances, governmental action to control use of UUS, such as in Japan, Finland and Sweden, among others (Bobylev, 2009(Bobylev, , 2010Hunt et al, 2016;Li et al, 2013;Sterling et al, 2012;Working Group No. 4, International Tunnelling Association, 2000).…”

An integrated strategy for sustainable development of the urban underground: From strategic, economic and societal aspects

“…The city of Suzhou was selected as a case study, based on its higher ''Deep City applicability score" among four Chinese cities (Beijing, Nanjing, Suzhou, Shanghai) (Li et al, 2013b). The integrated management process with participation of local administrations (during the year of 2010-2012) is a strategy prototype for sustainable underground urbanization in Suzhou City.…”

Deep subterranean railway system: Acceptability assessment of the public discourse in the Seoul Metropolitan Area of South Korea

“…Recently, Li et al (2013a) proposed a new paradigm of economic development: underground urbanism defined as an innovative concept for urban restructuring and a transformational construction practice. In this study, they introduced its concept, process, and application in the city of Geneva, Switzerland.…”