An integrated power supply system for low-power 3.3V electronics using on-chip polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells

Frank, Stephanie; Kühl,; Erdler,; Freund,; Manoli,; Müller, Martin Anton; Reinecke, Jens

doi:10.1109/isscc.2009.4977423

Cited by 4 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Moreover, due to the strong dependence of the electical characteristic of the FCA [1] and the solar cell, a direct connection between these two would not provide an optimized charging time. The dependency of the FCA charging current can be seen in Fig.…”

Section: Fuel Cell Accumulator and Solar Cell As Power Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various efforts in the last years aim for fully integrated autonomous microsystems [1,2,3]. While miniaturization of the system size is resulting in a reduction of power consumption, a reliable miniaturized fully integrated power supply is a common issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, integrated micro fuel cells have been a novel approach [1,4], providing a CMOS-integrated versatile power supply. However, the life time of this power supply is limited by the storage capacity of the fuel cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Solar Cell Powered Adaptive Charging Circuit for CMOS Integrated Micro Fuel Cells

Moranz

Ylli

Manoli

2015

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. This paper presents an autonomous interface circuit which uses solar cells to automatically recharge chip integrated micro fuel cell accumulator arrays. These accumulators comprise a fuel cell for powering systems and a hydrolysis cell for charging the integrated hydrogen storage. The charging current is continuously monitored and the interface circuit automatically maximizes and controls the charging current. The solar cells powering the charging process are projected to be part of the chip package. The presented system, in combination with a previously developed voltage regulator and integrated sensors or actuators enables the implementation of fully integrated energy autonomous systems.

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Section: Fuel Cell Accumulator and Solar Cell As Power Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Solar Cell Powered Adaptive Charging Circuit for CMOS Integrated Micro Fuel Cells

Moranz

Ylli

Manoli

2015

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…While many thin-film batteries are planar, the energy density can be further increased by using threedimensional processing to increase the surface area between the electrolytic materials [31]. Fuel cells draw their energy through chemical reactions with an external fuel source such as ethanol and can be integrated with CMOS processes [32]. Since battery voltages do not usually match the desired circuit supply voltages, DC-to-DC converting power electronics are necessary.…”

Section: Power Management For Ulp Sensor Nodementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-low power circuit techniques for a new class of sub-mm<sup>3</sup> sensor nodes

Lee

Chen

Hanson

et al. 2010

IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference 2010

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Bell's Law predicts continual reductions in the size of computing systems. We investigate the status of the next paradigm shift that will usher in ubiquitous computing -submm 3 sensor nodes. However, this form factor remains beyond the capabilities of modern integrated circuit design techniques due to battery size. This paper describes new ultra-low power circuit techniques applied to digital processors, memory, power management, and a special focus on standby mode operation, that will bring mm 3 sensor nodes to reality.

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“…One practical way to achieve high energy capacity while maintaining small size is to integrate one kind of high-density power source on one chip or stack different power sources vertically on one chip. Fruitful work has demonstrated the possibilities of on-chip fuel cells [Hahn et al 2004;Motokawa et al 2004;Erdler et al 2006;Yeom et al 2005;Tominaka et al 2008Tominaka et al , 2009Frank et al 2009Frank et al , 2010 and a novel rechargeable battery [Notten et al 2007]. The structure of these on-chip power sources will be presented in Section 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Chip Hybrid Power Supply System for Wireless Sensor Nodes

Liu

Wang

et al. 2014

J. Emerg. Technol. Comput. Syst.

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With the miniaturization of electronic devices, small-size but high-capacity power supply systems appear to be more and more important. A hybrid power source, which consists of a fuel cell (FC) and a rechargeable battery, has the advantages of long lifetime and good load-following capabilities. In this article, we propose the schematic of a hybrid power supply system that can be integrated on a chip compatible with present CMOS processes. For the on-chip, fuel-cell-based hybrid power system in wireless sensor node design, we propose a two steps optimization: (1) dynamic power management (DPM), and (2) adaptive fuel cell optimal power point tracking (AOPPT). Simulation results demonstrate that the on-chip FC-Bat hybrid power system can be used for wireless sensor nodes under different usage scenarios. Our proposed DPM method can achieve 12.9% more energy savings than the method without DPM. Meanwhile, implementing our AOPPT approach can save about 17% energy compared with the fixed architecture for the fuel cell system. For an on-chip power system with 1cm 2 area consumption, the wafer-level battery can power a typical sensor node for only about five months, while our on-chip hybrid power system will supply the same sensor node for two years steadily.

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An integrated power supply system for low-power 3.3V electronics using on-chip polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

A Solar Cell Powered Adaptive Charging Circuit for CMOS Integrated Micro Fuel Cells

A Solar Cell Powered Adaptive Charging Circuit for CMOS Integrated Micro Fuel Cells

Ultra-low power circuit techniques for a new class of sub-mm<sup>3</sup> sensor nodes

On-Chip Hybrid Power Supply System for Wireless Sensor Nodes

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