An Integrator and Schmitt Trigger Based Voltage-to-Frequency Converter Using Unipolar Metal-Oxide Thin Film Transistors

Xu, Yuming; Zhong, Wei; Li, Bin; Deng, Sunbin; Fan, Houbo; Wu, Zhaohui; Lü, Lei; Yeung, Fion Sze Yan; Kwok, Hoi Sing; Chen, Rongsheng

doi:10.1109/jeds.2020.3045160

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Then, (18) is substituted in (19), and the resulting expression is divided by I ′ 0,p1 . Next the temporary variables are defined, and the expression in ( 16) is finally obtained.…”

Section: Analytical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, today STs are extensively implemented in both analog and digital systems [3]. For instance, they are used in triangular/squarewave generators [4], [5], [6], resistance-to-frequency converters [7], [8], capacitive-to-frequency converters [9], modulators [10], [11], SRAMs and latches [12], [13], [14], and different sensing and measuring applications [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]. STs can work in current or voltage mode and be inverting or non-inverting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subthreshold Modeling of a Tunable CMOS Schmitt Trigger

2023

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In this article, the subthreshold characteristics of a tunable single input CMOS Schmitt trigger (ST) are modeled for the first time. The high-to-low and low-to-high hysteresis transition points are analytically determined as a function of the tuning voltages and the transistors' geometrical parameters. The derived expressions allow to design the ST with desired hysteresis width in subthreshold region. Furthermore, the proposed model allows to estimate the minimum supply voltage for which hysteresis occurs. The derived expressions also provide physical insight into the circuit behavior, by predicting the effect of supply voltage and temperature variations on the hysteresis width. The model is validated through simulations, and the maximum error between the analytical and simulated transition points is less than 5%. The model is also experimentally validated with an ASIC fabricated in AMS 0.35µm CMOS process. The maximum error between the analytical and measured transition points is below 6%. The analytical model allows performance optimization in subthreshold region for low power applications.INDEX TERMS CMOS, hysteresis, low voltage, Schmitt trigger, subthreshold.

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“…Then, (18) is substituted in (19), and the resulting expression is divided by I ′ 0,p1 . Next the temporary variables are defined, and the expression in ( 16) is finally obtained.…”

Section: Analytical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subthreshold Modeling of a Tunable CMOS Schmitt Trigger

2023

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“…Voltage control oscillators (VCOs) are an integral part of many electronic systems. Table 1 reviews the existing TFT-based VCO designs [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. This work focuses on the digital ring oscillator (RO) architecture with delay-cell-control scheme since it has the advantages of the simple and compact structure, the high input impedance, the digital output that can be processed directly using digital circuitry without shaping, and it does not require analogue blocks such as high-performance operation amplifiers that are difficult to achieve with current TFT technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Delay-Cell-Controlled VCO Design for Unipolar Single-Gate Enhancement-Mode TFT Technologies

Wei

Zhao

et al. 2022

Micromachines

Self Cite

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This work outperforms the previous literatures by proposing a delay-cell-controlled voltage control oscillator (VCO) design for common unipolar, single-gate, and enhancement-mode thin-film transistor (TFT) technologies. A design example with InZnO TFTs is simulated to verify the proposed design. The design example has a 500 μW power consumption, 0.7 mm2 area, 3.8 kHz–8 kHz output frequency range, 600 Hz/V tuning sensitivity, and 4% maximum linear error. This design may have the potential to be used for flexible, low cost, and moderate speed sensor readout interfaces.

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Urea-based fuel cells on paper with micro-watt power generation to drive low power circuits

Krishna,

Lal,

Shrivastva

et al. 2024

J Appl Electrochem

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This work demonstrates the application of a urea-powered paper-based fuel cell (PFC) with Hydrogen Peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) as the oxidant to drive a exible electronic circuit (ring oscillator (RO)), for the rst time.Herein, the electrochemical performance of membraneless PFCs is studied by employing different nonprecious electrodes, such as, Nickel-mesh, Toray carbon paper(CP) and Nickel Cobalt nanoparticles supported on reduced Graphene Oxide loaded on the CP (NiCo@rGo@CP). A single-PFC with Ni-Co@rGo@CP as electrodes delivers a peak power density (P max ) of 55 µW cm − 2 , maximum current density (J max ) of 371 µA cm − 2 and an open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.7 V at 3 M urea. A membranebased PFC assembled onto an anion exchange membrane with Ni-Co@rGo@CP electrodes, delivers a P max of approx 70 µW cm − 2 , J max of ≈ 500 µA cm − 2 and an OCV of 0.7 V at 3 M urea. Subsequently, a stack of two membrane-based PFCs delivers an OCV of ≈ 1.4 V for 400 seconds. Finally, this stack is employed as a power source to drive a RO. The measured frequency and peak-to-peak voltage are 37.52 kHz and 1.04 V, respectively. This demonstration opens a window to implement self-contained exible electronic system using PFC as power source with minimal e-waste.

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An Integrator and Schmitt Trigger Based Voltage-to-Frequency Converter Using Unipolar Metal-Oxide Thin Film Transistors

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Subthreshold Modeling of a Tunable CMOS Schmitt Trigger

Subthreshold Modeling of a Tunable CMOS Schmitt Trigger

A Delay-Cell-Controlled VCO Design for Unipolar Single-Gate Enhancement-Mode TFT Technologies

Urea-based fuel cells on paper with micro-watt power generation to drive low power circuits

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