An Intelligent Four-Electrode Conductivity Sensor for Aquaculture

Abstract

Abstract. Conductivity is regard as a key technical parameter in modern intensive fish farming management. The water conductivity sensors are sophisticated devices used in the aquaculture monitoring field to understand the effects of climate changes on fish ponds. In this paper a new four-electrode smart sensor is proposed for water conductivity measurements of aquaculture monitoring.The main advantages of these sensors include a high precision, a good stability and an intrinsic capability to minimize errors caused by polarization. A temperature sensor is also included in the system to measure the water temperature and, thus, compensate the water-conductivity temperature dependence. The prototype developed is appropriate for conductivity measurement in the range of 0-50mS/cm, 0-40 ℃ . A cure relationship was found between the out-put value of each standard solution measured by the sensor and the electric conductivity concentration.

Internet of Things (IoT)‐based aquaculture: An overview of IoT application on water quality monitoring

“…Prototype & device 52,61 This research type was based on cognitive narrations and tested the feasibility of the outcome 11 Simulation 53,58 The outcomes that occur in the physical world were replicated into IoT models and applied to a real-world phenomenon in temperate countries four seasons (summer, autumn, winter and spring) shows greater temperature fluctuations. Again, the temperature sensor is quite cheap and stable, thus more affordable for researchers as well as farm owners.…”

“…pH is the measurement of the concentration of hydrogen ions in water. Temperature 22,23,[29][30][31][32][33]47,[50][51][52][53][54]56,[59][60][61][62][63][64] Coldwater fish: <20°C Warmwater fish: 20-30°C 65 Tropical fish: 20-25°C 66…”

“…Conductivity 22,47,56,61 Inland waters: <500 to >5000 mmhos/cm Seawater, »50,000 mmhos/cm; Estuaries, 1500 to >50,000 mmhos/cm 61 4 Turbidity Water current 22,29 Rectangular and trapezoidal pond: 0.0184 LH 1.5 , Triangular: 0.0138 LH 1.5 2 Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) 34 5-10 mg/L 70 1…”

“…Dissolved oxygen 23,[29][30][31][32]49,50,52,[54][55][56][58][59][60][61][62][63] 5 mg/L or more 67 18 pH 23,[30][31][32][33]47,[49][50][51][52]54,56,59,60,[62][63][64] 6.5-8.5 65 17…”

Determination of Various Parameters during Thermal and Biological Pretreatment of Waste Materials

“…Monitoring pH value is an indicator of the degree of biological and biochemical decomposition [33]. Electrical conductivity is a commonly used parameter for monitoring the amounts of nutrients, salts and impurities in the solution [55]. Since the composition of substrates could significantly change during pretreatment, pH and conductivity values could also significantly fluctuate.…”