An Intergeneric Cyprinid Hybrid, Phoxinus oreas × Semotilus atromaculatus, from the James River Drainage, Virginia

Maurakis, Eugene G.; Woolcott, William S.

doi:10.2307/1446218

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The expression of extreme phenotypes in hybrid populations has been described in Cyprinidae (e.g. Rutilus rutilus × Abramis brama : Wood & Jordan, 1987; Phoxinus oreas × Semotilus atromaculatus : Maurakis & Woolcott, 1992). Within the Chondrostoma genus, the case of Chondrostoma duriense × Chondrostoma arcasii demonstrates that the meristic characters of hybrids tend to be closer to one parental phenotype than the other, highlighting a case of extreme phenotype in the Chondrostoma hybrid zone (Gante, Collares‐Pereira & Coelho, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity of ontogenetic trajectories in cyprinids: a source of evolutionary novelties

Corse

Nève

Sinama

et al. 2012

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Research in evolutionary developmental (evo‐devo) biology is making an increasingly important contribution to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment of complex morphological traits. Deciphering the ontogenetic trajectories leading to the differentiation of sister species (and the existence of hybrids) is a new challenge in our understanding of speciation processes. In the present study, we characterized the ontogenetic trajectory of lower lip morphology in two cyprinid species and their hybrids. Chondrostoma toxostoma has an arched lower lip and a generalist diet. Chondrostoma nasus has a straight lower lip and a specialist diet. An analysis of 99 C. toxostoma, 99 C. nasus and 25 first‐generation (F1) hybrid individuals demonstrated that the difference between arched and straight lip morphology was found to depend strongly on the height/width ratio of the lower lip. A comparison of the ontogenetic trajectories of these morphometric traits showed that the height of the lower lip was isometric to body length in both species, whereas developmental changes involving an acceleration and a hypermorphosis of the widening of the lower lip led to a straight lip morphology in C. nasus. F1 hybrids were characterized by an extreme phenotype resulting from a rate of lower lip widening slower than that in the two parent species. Therefore, we rejected a codominance hypothesis and concluded that the first stage of hybridization provides the foundations of evolutionary novelty. These results have important evolutionary implications because lower lip shape is linked to dietary behaviour in many fish species. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 106, 342–355.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity of ontogenetic trajectories in cyprinids: a source of evolutionary novelties

Corse

Nève

Sinama

et al. 2012

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…Sandhills Chub move substrates with their mouths, so the substrate sizes used for nest building are limited to a narrow range based on mouth gape. Maurakis et al (1990) reported that 82% of substrates in Sandhills Chub pit-ridge nests were in the 6-11-mm range. Substrates within the 6-11-mm size-class play an important role in decreasing water velocity in the pit downstream of the ridge, which facilitates the deposition of eggs into the nest (Maurakis et al 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maurakis et al (1990) reported that 82% of substrates in Sandhills Chub pit-ridge nests were in the 6-11-mm range. Substrates within the 6-11-mm size-class play an important role in decreasing water velocity in the pit downstream of the ridge, which facilitates the deposition of eggs into the nest (Maurakis et al 1990). These observations, along with the strong relationship between Sandhills Chub presence and the 6-11-mm size-class of substrates in our models, suggest that streams lacking in substrates of this size may not be suitable for Sandhills Chub reproduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though the Sandhills Chub is a species of conservation concern, research on the species is limited. The most recent publication focusing on the Sandhills Chub was by Rohde and Arndt (1991), and only three other publications have focused primarily on this species (Snelson and Suttkus 1978;Woolcott and Maurakis 1988;Maurakis et al 1990). The objective of the present study was to produce a predictive model of Sandhills Chub occurrence using microhabitat features and watershed-level habitat characteristics.…”

Section: Impact Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This information was used to calculate the median substrate particle size (d50) as well as the percentage of substrate falling within the 6-11-mm range. We calculated the percentage of substrate within the 6-11-mm size-class at each site because this is the primary substrate size used by Sandhills Chub to construct their nests (Maurakis et al 1990).…”

Section: Habitat Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of an endemic leuciscid, the Sandhills Chub, with microhabitat features and watershed‐level habitat characteristics

2023

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Objective: Habitat alteration is the greatest threat to fishes globally, and freshwater fishes are particularly vulnerable to habitat alteration because freshwater ecosystems are more closely integrated with the human landscape than marine ecosystems. Headwater streams comprise the majority of stream length within a watershed and provide unique habitats for a variety of aquatic organisms, thus contributing to drainage wide species diversity by supporting many rare and endemic species.Unfortunately, because of their small size, headwater streams are particularly susceptible to the effects of habitat alteration and conversion of natural land cover to anthropogenically dominated landscapes. Therefore, understanding fish-habitat relationships is essential for conserving and restoring headwater species and their habitats. The Sandhills Chub Semotilus lumbee is a headwater specialist endemic to the Sandhills ecoregion in North Carolina and South Carolina. It has been extirpated from several locations in South Carolina; thus, quantitative information on abiotic habitat factors is needed to guide conservation and restoration efforts. The objective of this study was to produce a predictive model of Sandhills Chub occurrence using microhabitat features and watershed-level habitat characteristics.Methods: Logistic regression was used to identify which habitat features were associated with the occurrence of Sandhills Chub. Habitat and fish data were collected between 2019 and 2020 at 115 sites within the South Carolina Sandhills.Result: Sandhills Chub (total = 431) were collected at 41 out of 115 sites sampled.We observed that Sandhills Chub presence was positively associated with dissolved oxygen levels, instream cover, the percent of substrates between 6 and 11 mm, and elevation and was negatively related to the number of impoundments within each 12-digit hydrologic unit code. Conclusion:The Sandhills Chub prefers streams that have high dissolved oxygen content, presence of instream cover, the substrates necessary to construct their pitridge nests, low numbers of impoundments on the streams, and higher elevations within the Sandhills. Results from this study will provide important information to guide management decisions for the future conservation and restoration of Sandhills Chub.

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From sabers to spikes: A newfangled reconstruction of the ancient, giant, sexually dimorphic Pacific salmon, †Oncorhynchus rastrosus (SALMONINAE: SALMONINI)

Claeson,

Sidlauskas,

Troll

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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The impressive †Oncorhynchus rastrosus of the Pacific Northwest’s Miocene and Pliocene eras was the largest salmonid ever to live. It sported a hypertrophied premaxilla with a pair of enlarged teeth which the original describers reconstructed as projecting ventrally into the mouth, leading them to assign the species to “Smilodonichthys,” a genus now in synonymy. Through CT reconstruction of the holotype and newly collected specimens, we demonstrate that the famed teeth projected laterally like tusks, not ventrally like sabers or fangs. We also expand the original description to characterize sexual dimorphism in mature, breeding individuals. Male and female †Oncorhynchus rastrosus differ in the form of the vomer, rostro-dermethmoid-supraethmoid, and dentary, much as do other extant species of Oncorhynchus. Male specimens possess a more elongate vomer than do females, and female vomers have concave ventral surfaces and prominent median dorsal keels. The dentary of females has no evidence of a kype, though some specimens of †O. rastrosus have a non-uniform density mesial to the tooth bed, which we interpret as a male kype. Unlike extant Oncorhynchus, male and female †O. rastrosus do not differ in premaxilla shape. Because male and females possess hypertrophied premaxillae and lateral premaxillary spikes, the former common name “Sabertoothed Salmon” no longer reflects our understanding of the species’ morphology. Accordingly, we redub †O. rastrosus the Spike-Toothed Salmon and postulate that its spikes were multifunctional, serving as defense against predators, in agonism against conspecifics, and as a practical aid to nest construction.

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An Intergeneric Cyprinid Hybrid, Phoxinus oreas × Semotilus atromaculatus, from the James River Drainage, Virginia

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Plasticity of ontogenetic trajectories in cyprinids: a source of evolutionary novelties

Plasticity of ontogenetic trajectories in cyprinids: a source of evolutionary novelties

Association of an endemic leuciscid, the Sandhills Chub, with microhabitat features and watershed‐level habitat characteristics

From sabers to spikes: A newfangled reconstruction of the ancient, giant, sexually dimorphic Pacific salmon, †Oncorhynchus rastrosus (SALMONINAE: SALMONINI)

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