An Introduction to Dimensionality Reduction for Propagation Measurements

Ramírez-Arroyo, Alejandro; García, Luz; Alex‐Amor, Antonio; Valenzuela-Valdés, Juan F.

doi:10.23919/eucap53622.2022.9769485

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Previous work has shown that the use of multiple arrays significantly improves the estimation of DoA and ToA [32], [35], [36]. Note that H l (f ) represents the frequency response at the origin.…”

Section: A Azimuth Of Arrival (Aoa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the rotated ellipse includes an angle rotation of 45°. For further details regarding the estimation with elliptical arrays, the reader is referred to [35], [36]. The single circular array has a radius of 0.5 m, and P = 720.…”

Section: A Parametric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous implementations of FIB have ranged from the use of one-dimensional (1D) arrays [30] to two-dimensional (2D) configurations based on the use of circular arrays [31]- [34]. Recently, the use of FIB was extended by the authors to include elliptical geometries [35], [36]. This is a generalization of previous approaches based on circular geometries, as circular and linear arrays are subcases included in the more general elliptical arrays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a generalization of previous approaches based on circular geometries, as circular and linear arrays are subcases included in the more general elliptical arrays. However, many of the DoA and ToA estimation methods are only capable to accurately estimate the time of arrival and one of the two spatial DoA components, i.e., either azimuth or elevation, but not both at the same time [31]- [33], [35], [36]. In this regard, it is not so common to find analytical approaches that accurately estimate azimuth, elevation and time of arrival in one go.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-Gating Technique for Recreating Complex Scenarios in 5G Systems

et al. 2020

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This article presents a novel application of the time-gating technique to the field of propagation channel study. The time-gating technique is well known in the field of antenna measurement and it is used to eliminate reflected components in outdoor measurements or anechoic chambers. In this article, we present a new measurement configuration for shielded chambers that allows to configure different propagation scenarios. In this configuration, the chamber is covered in one part with absorbers and in the other without absorbers (in order to generate reflected components). Applying the time-gating technique, we can modify, adjust and tune the reflections that a certain propagation environment has. This yields a relative control of the propagation environment in both far field and near field regions and allows to quantify the spectral efficiency and signal correlation that MIMO systems would display operating in those propagation environments.INDEX TERMS Anechoic chamber, impulse response, MIMO, recreate scenarios, reverberation chamber, time-gating.

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Section: A Azimuth Of Arrival (Aoa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Parametric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-Gating Technique for Recreating Complex Scenarios in 5G Systems

et al. 2020

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Ultra-Wideband Characterization of Azimuth, Elevation, and Time of Arrival With Toric Arrays

Ramírez-Arroyo,

Alex-Amor,

Medina

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

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In this paper, we present an analytical framework for the joint characterization of the 3D direction of arrival (DoA), i.e., azimuth and elevation components, and time of arrival (ToA) in multipath environments. The analytical framework is based on the use of nearly frequency-invariant beamformers (FIB) formed by toric arrays. The frequency response of the toric array is expanded as a series of phase modes, which leads to azimuth-time and elevation-time diagrams from which the 3D DoA and the ToA of the incoming waves can be extracted over a wide bandwidth. Firstly, we discuss some practical considerations, advantages and limitations of using the analytical method. Subsequently, we perform a parametric study to analyze the influence of the method parameters on the quality of the estimation. The method is tested in single-path and multipath mm-wave environments over a large bandwidth. The results show that the proposed method improves the quality of the estimation, i.e., decreases the level of the artifacts, compared to other state-of-art FIB approaches based on the use of single/concentric circular and elliptical arrays.

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Artificial Intelligence and Dimensionality Reduction: Tools for Approaching Future Communications

Ramírez-Arroyo

García

Alex‐Amor

et al. 2022

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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This article presents a novel application of the t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) clustering algorithm to the telecommunication field. t-SNE is a dimensionality reduction algorithm that allows the visualization of large dataset into a 2D plot. We present the applicability of this algorithm in a communication channel dataset formed by several scenarios (anechoic, reverberation, indoor and outdoor), and by using six channel features. Applying this artificial intelligence (AI) technique, we are able to separate different environments into several clusters allowing a clear visualization of the scenarios. Throughout the article, it is proved that t-SNE has the ability to cluster into several subclasses, obtaining internal classifications within the scenarios themselves. t-SNE comparison with different dimensionality reduction techniques (PCA, Isomap) is also provided throughout the paper. Furthermore, post-processing techniques are used to modify communication scenarios, recreating a real communication scenario from measurements acquired in an anechoic chamber. The dimensionality reduction and classification by using t-SNE and Variational AutoEncoders show good performance distinguishing between the recreation and the real communication scenario. The combination of these two techniques opens up the possibility for new scenario recreations for future mobile communications. This work shows the potential of AI as a powerful tool for clustering, classification and generation of new 5G propagation scenarios.

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An Introduction to Dimensionality Reduction for Propagation Measurements

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Time-Gating Technique for Recreating Complex Scenarios in 5G Systems

Time-Gating Technique for Recreating Complex Scenarios in 5G Systems

Joint Ultra-Wideband Characterization of Azimuth, Elevation, and Time of Arrival With Toric Arrays

Artificial Intelligence and Dimensionality Reduction: Tools for Approaching Future Communications

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