An investigation into e-waste flows in India

Dwivedy, Maheshwar; Mittal, R.K.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.07.017

Cited by 97 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In this network, a mixed-integer linear programming model was formulated to address the facility location problem, a new integer programming was established to solve the vehicle-routing problem and a simulation study is implemented to assess the performance of the recovery system. Dwivedy and Mittal (2012) investigated into the WEEE flows in India and used a Markov chain to model the business sector of WEEE trade, which included the informal recycling of WEEE in developing countries. Alumur et al (2012) proposed a multi-period reverse logistics network which formulated into a mixed-integer linear programming model.…”

Section: Weee Recycling In Clsc Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated closed-loop supply chain model with location allocation problem and product recycling decisions

Chen

Chan

Chung

2014

International Journal of Production Research

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Environmental pollutions caused by improper abandoned cartridges increase dramatically nowadays. In Hong Kong, due to abundant quantity of cartridges being used, producers have to optimise their forward and reverse networks to maximise the recycling rate and their profits. In this paper, a comprehensive closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) model is established. This model contains eight partners in CLSC and describes the existing cartridge recycling situation in Hong Kong. In the literatures, many CLSC models were established and studied, but few of them analysed the delivery activity for different kinds of materials extracted from the used products and also, few papers studied the situation that used products are classified into good and poor quality. In this model, delivery activities of different materials are considered and the used cartridges are classified into good-quality ones and poor-quality ones. Producers will have different methods to process them. This problem is formulated into an Integer programming model. Since both delivery routes and delivery quantities problems are known to be NP hard, a novel modified two-stage genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed. A new two-stage encoding algorithm in the proposed GA reinforces the genetic searching ability in tackling this kind of problem. As the model is new in literature, we used Integer Programming to solve the testing instances and benchmark with the proposed algorithm. The results show that a near-optimal solution can be obtained by the proposed GA in a much shorter computational time.

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Section: Weee Recycling In Clsc Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated closed-loop supply chain model with location allocation problem and product recycling decisions

Chen

Chan

Chung

2014

International Journal of Production Research

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“…In contrast, Category 3 and 4 generally contain medium high-grade PCBs. Among these different categories, the quantity of waste from information technology and telecommunication equipment (WITTE) (Category 3) has been increasing very quickly due to rapid development in the field [11,12]. The life span of the newest computer generations keeps shortening when compared to older equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Recovery Techniques for Waste Materials from IT and Telecommunication Equipment Printed Circuit Boards

2019

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Waste from information technology (IT) and telecommunication equipment (WITTE) constitutes a significant fraction of waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). The presence of rare metals and hazardous materials (e.g., heavy metals or flame retardants) makes the necessary recycling procedures difficult and expensive. Important efforts are being made for Waste Printed Circuit Board (WPCB) recycling because, even if they only amount to 5-10% of the WITTE weight, they constitute up to 80% of the recovered value. This paper summarizes the recycling techniques applicable to WPCBs. In the first part, dismantling and mechanical recycling techniques are presented. Within the frame of electro-mechanical separation technology, the chain process of shredding, washing, and sieving, followed by one or a combination of magnetic, eddy current, corona electrostatic, triboelectrostatic, or gravity separation techniques, is presented. The chemical and electrochemical processes are of utmost importance for the fine separation of metals coming from complex equipment such as WPCBs. Thermal recycling techniques such as pyrolysis and thermal treatment are presented as complementary solutions for achieving both an extra separation stage and thermal energy. As the recycling processes of WPCBs require adequate, efficient, and ecological recycling techniques, the aim of this survey is to identify and highlight the most important ones. Due to the high economic value of the resulting raw materials relative to the WPCBs' weight and composition, their recycling represents both a necessary environmental protection action, as well as an economic opportunity.

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“…Quando se trata da Índia, o país produz 400.000 (quatrocentas mil) toneladas de lixo eletroeletrônico por ano (DWIVEDY;MITTAL, 2012). O mercado informal, fomentado pelos colecionadores de REEE, também possui uma rede de atores como os vendedores, comerciantes de sucata, desmontadores e recicladores, mas as técnicas de reciclagem empregadas são rudimentares e resultam em baixa recuperação dos materiais e os trabalhadores se submetem a todos os tipos de riscos à saúde (DWIVEDY; MITTAL, 2012;MANHART, 2010).…”

Section: Já As Empresas Recicladoras Nos Eua Que Trabalham Com Os Reeunclassified

“…O mercado informal, fomentado pelos colecionadores de REEE, também possui uma rede de atores como os vendedores, comerciantes de sucata, desmontadores e recicladores, mas as técnicas de reciclagem empregadas são rudimentares e resultam em baixa recuperação dos materiais e os trabalhadores se submetem a todos os tipos de riscos à saúde (DWIVEDY; MITTAL, 2012;MANHART, 2010). É comum, nos processos de reciclagem indianos, o uso da lixiviação química nas placas de circuito impresso para se obter a liberação do ouro.…”

Section: Já As Empresas Recicladoras Nos Eua Que Trabalham Com Os Reeunclassified

“…O alto volume de REEE tratado de forma rústica pelo mercado informal tem sido responsável pela contaminação de pessoas e do meio ambiente (DWIVEDY;MITTAL, 2012;MANHART, 2010). Para Dwivedy e Mittal (2012), o maior desafio para a implantação de um sistema de logística reversa de REEE na Índia é a integração entre os comerciantes, os colecionadores de sucata e a conscientização dos consumidores para a reutilização dos eletroeletrônicos.…”

Section: Lições E Contribuições Para O Cenário Brasileirounclassified

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logística reversa de resíduos eletroeletrônicos no Brasil e no mundo:

Sant‘Anna

Machado

Brito

2015

SustDeb

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Com o objetivo de identificar na literatura nacional e internacional práticas de logística reversa de eletroeletrônicos, no intuito de que as mesmas possam servir como lições e contribuições para o cenário brasileiro, escolheu-se realizar o estudo, por meio da revisão de escopo, das realidades de um país pioneiro (Suíça), na gestão de Resíduos de Equipamentos Eletroeletrônicos (REEE) e em outros quatro grandes geradores desses resíduos: Estados Unidos, China, Índia e Brasil. As experiências apontam para uma ausência de articulação dos atores da cadeia reversa de REEE em quase todos os países estudados, ao mesmo tempo que explicita alguns ensaios colaborativos e a importância da adoção de novas parcerias que viabilizem a logística. Concluise, então, que o êxito de uma logística reversa de REEE depende da adesão do Estado, em todos os níveis da Federação, do envolvimento do setor empresarial, de parcerias com as instituições públicas de pesquisa e com a sociedade civil organizada. Somente com essa articulação a logís-tica reversa de REEE pode se tornar uma realidade, capaz de gerar o ciclo fechado de produção e descarte de eletroeletrônicos. Palavras-chave: Logística reversa. Resíduos de Equipamentos Eletroeletrônicos (REEE

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An investigation into e-waste flows in India

Cited by 97 publications

References 49 publications

An integrated closed-loop supply chain model with location allocation problem and product recycling decisions

An integrated closed-loop supply chain model with location allocation problem and product recycling decisions

Advanced Recovery Techniques for Waste Materials from IT and Telecommunication Equipment Printed Circuit Boards

logística reversa de resíduos eletroeletrônicos no Brasil e no mundo:

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