An investigation into the long-term effects of rhine water on rainbow trout

Poels, C.L.M.; Gaag, M.A. van der; Kerkhoff, J.F.J. van de

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(80)90148-7

Cited by 46 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Rock bottom of the river pollution was reached in the first part of the 1970s. At that time the river water was acute toxic for water flies and trout embryos, and caused malformation and other effects in fish and insect larvae (Alink et al, 1980;Poels et al, 1980;Slooff, 1982Slooff, , 1983aSlooff et al, 1983;Van Urk & Kerkum, 1986Van der Gaag, 1987). From the second half of the 1970s water quality improved considerably because of:…”

Section: Main Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Long-term Developments in Ecological Rehabilitation of the Main Distributaries in the Rhine Delta: Fish and Macroinvertebrates

2006

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Significant anthropogenic pressure in the Dutch part of the River Rhine is present from the 12th century. River engineering and water pollution were the main stress factors for flora and fauna. From the middle of the 20th century measures were taken to reduce water pollution. Recently, from 1987 onwards, these activities were put into a wider context of ecological river rehabilitation. Effects of improvements on fish and macroinvertebrates in the main distributaries in the Rhine delta are reviewed. The conclusions are that (a) most of the alterations in the Rhine delta are irreversible due to hard socio-economic boundary conditions (e.g. safety, navigation); (b) chances for the development of riverine biotopes have therefore to be found in the forelands and not in the main channels of the Rhine delta; (c) further reduction of pollutants, especially thermal pollution, is needed to help original species to colonise the Rhine delta again; (d) nonindigenous species clearly leave a mark on recolonisation possibilities of original species.

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Section: Main Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Long-term Developments in Ecological Rehabilitation of the Main Distributaries in the Rhine Delta: Fish and Macroinvertebrates

2006

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“…Most reported effects in salmonids are associated with whole body tissue total DDT concentrations at or above 500 ng/g ww (Allison et al, 1963;Burdick et al, 1964;Buhler et al, 1969;Johnson and Pecor, 1969;Peterson, 1976;Poels et al, 1980), or about 5000 ng/g lipid, assuming that the test fish had a lipid content of around 10%, which is typical of laboratory-reared salmonids (Meador et al, 2002). A number of recent studies suggest that certain DDT isomers, such as o,p -DDT and o,p -DDE, have estrogenic activity, and may have endocrine-disrupting or immunotoxic effects (Donohoe and Curtis, 1996;Arukwe et al, 1998;Celius and Walther, 1998;Khan and Thomas, 1998;Christiansen et al, 2000;Zaroogian et al, 2001;Milston et al, 2003;Papoulias et al, 2003).…”

Section: Potential Health Effects Of Contaminants On Salmonmentioning

confidence: 98%

Contaminant exposure in outmigrant juvenile salmon from Pacific Northwest estuaries of the United States

Johnson

Ylitalo

Arkoosh

et al. 2006

Environ Monit Assess

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To better understand the dynamics of contaminant uptake in outmigrant juvenile salmon in the Pacific Northwest, concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDTs, polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides were measured in tissues and prey of juvenile chinook and coho salmon from several estuaries and hatcheries in the US Pacific Northwest. PCBs, DDTs, and PAHs were found in tissues (whole bodies or bile) and stomach contents of chinook and coho salmon sampled from all estuaries, as well as in chinook salmon from hatcheries. Organochlorine pesticides were detected less frequently. Of the two species sampled, chinook salmon had the highest whole body contaminant concentrations, typically 2--5 times higher than coho salmon from the same sites. In comparison to estuarine chinook salmon, body burdens of PCBs and DDTs in hatchery chinook were relatively high, in part because of the high lipid content of the hatchery fish. Concentrations of PCBs were highest in chinook salmon from the Duwamish Estuary, the Columbia River and Yaquina Bay, exceeding the NOAA Fisheries' estimated threshold for adverse health effects of 2400 ng/g lipid. Concentrations of DDTs were especially high in juvenile chinook salmon from the Columbia River and Nisqually Estuary; concentrations of PAH metabolites in bile were highest in chinook salmon from the Duwamish Estuary and Grays Harbor. Juvenile chinook salmon are likely absorbing some contaminants during estuarine residence through their prey, as PCBs, PAHs, and DDTs were consistently present in stomach contents, at concentrations significantly correlated with contaminant body burdens in fish from the same sites.

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“…Thermal stress may induce a higher frequency of macrophage aggregates (Blazer et al 1987). Moreover, in different fish species, experimental conditions such as starvation and intoxication as well as certain infectious diseases and age were found to induce similar alterations in blood parameters and macrophage aggregates (Kreutzmann 1977a, Agius 1979, Poels et al 1980, Agius & Roberts 1981, Wasow 1984, Brown & George 1985, Wolke et al 1985, Herraez & Zapata 1986, Blazer et al 1987). These results suggest altered structure and function of fish spleen as a biomarker of general environmental degradation and possibly of the toxic effects of chemicals.…”

Section: Addressee For Correspondencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, toxicological studies on fish spleen have been limited to light microscopic and immunologic techniques. There is infomation about toxic effects on general spleen histology (Poels et al 1980, Moccia et al 1984, Spitsbergen et al 1988a, on components of the immune system and haematology (Kreutzmann 1977a, Wlasow 1984, Spitsbergen et al 1986, Anderson et al 1989, Lauren et al 1989, Wlasow & Dabrowska 1989, and on the coincident occurrence of melanomacrophage centres (Wolke et al 1985, Herraez & Zapata 1986, Kranz & Gercken 1987. However, there are only insufficient data about the bioconcentration of toxic substances in the spleen, which is generally regarded negligible (hbeyre & Boudou 1984, Kleemann et al 1986, Cossarini-Dunier et al 1990.…”

Section: Addressee For Correspondencementioning

confidence: 99%

Cytopathology of spleen in eel Anguilla Anguilla exposed to a chemical spill in the Rhine River

Spazier¹,

Storch²,

Braunbeck³

1992

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Structural alterations in the spleen of eel Anguilla anguilla L., following exposure to a chemical spill in the Rhine h v e r in 1986, were investigated by means of light and electron microscopy. Relative abundance of reticulum and blood cells was quantified in comparison to controls. The data presented provide evidence of profound damage to the spleen and its cellular components. Histological and cytological modifications varied within a wide range from minor changes to cell death. Major cytological alterations of reticulum and blood cells included deviations in cytoplasmic density, loss of surface differentiations (cell junctions, pseudopodia), swelling of rnitochondria, formation of rnyelin-like membrane aggregations in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, lysosomes and nuclear membrane, as well as augmentation of lipid droplets. Severely damaged and necrotic cells were found either diffusely or focally distributed within the splenic reticulum. Melano-macrophages were strongly reduced in number and melano-macrophage centres were lacking. In contrast, considerable numbers of macrophages with intense lysosomal compartmentation, but free of pigments, were present. Spleens were further characterized by the absence of erythroblasts and plasma cells. Histological and cytological findings in the spleen of exposed eel indicate a severe impairment of the efficiency of the central splenic functions, in particular phagocytosis and cell-mediated immune response. Thus, chemical-induced patholopcal processes in the spleen have most likely been a contributing factor to the fatality of the chemical spill to the Rhine eel population. They are discussed in the context of earlier investigations on liver and intestine pathology of Rhine eel. Finally, cytological alterations of fish spleen are suggested as a potential biomarker for toxicant-induced damage in fish.

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An investigation into the long-term effects of rhine water on rainbow trout

Cited by 46 publications

References 12 publications

Long-term Developments in Ecological Rehabilitation of the Main Distributaries in the Rhine Delta: Fish and Macroinvertebrates

Long-term Developments in Ecological Rehabilitation of the Main Distributaries in the Rhine Delta: Fish and Macroinvertebrates

Contaminant exposure in outmigrant juvenile salmon from Pacific Northwest estuaries of the United States

Cytopathology of spleen in eel Anguilla Anguilla exposed to a chemical spill in the Rhine River

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