An IoT-Based Water Level Detection System Enabling Fuzzy Logic Control and Optical Fiber Sensor

Abstract

The usage of wireless sensors has become widespread for the collection of data for various Internet of Things (IoT) products. Specific wireless sensors use optical fiber technology as transmission media and lightwave signals as carriers, showing the advantages of antielectromagnetic interference, high sensitivity, and strong reliability. Hence, their application in IoT systems becomes a research hotspot. In this article, multiple optical fiber sensors are constructed as an IoT detection system, and a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP) communication stack is used for the sensor module. Furthermore, design of gateway module, data server, and monitoring module is established in order to run the data server in the Windows system and communicate across the network segments. Furthermore, the optical fiber sensor is connected to the development board with WiFi, meanwhile considering the optical fiber wireless network’s congestion problem. The fuzzy logic concept is introduced from the perspective of cache occupancy, and a fiber sensor’s network congestion control algorithm is proposed. In the experiment, the IoT detection system with multiple optical fiber sensors is used for water level detection, and the sensor’s real-time data detected by the User Interface (UI) are consistent with the feedback results. The proposed method is also compared with the SenTCP algorithm and the CODA algorithm, and it was observed that the proposed network congestion control algorithm based on the fuzzy logic can improve network throughput and reduce the network data packet loss.

Passive IoT Optical Fiber Sensor Network for Water Level Monitoring with Signal Processing of Feature Extraction

“…), as summarized in Fig- ure 1. Most IoT-based sensor networks employ wireless sensors and/or actuators to monitor or control environmental conditions [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. However, typical wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require an electrical power supply to sensing nodes, which would be a great challenge.…”

“…For the specific, the proposed OFSN employs amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) as a seed light source at the monitoring station and an athermal type arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) as a (de-)multiplexer at the remote node. These components play a key role in the implementation of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) and make it possible to monitor the reflected optical spectra depending on the water level of the spent fuel pool (SFP) Most IoT-based sensor networks employ wireless sensors and/or actuators to monitor or control environmental conditions [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. However, typical wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require an electrical power supply to sensing nodes, which would be a great challenge.…”

A study on detection and defence of malicious code under network security over biomedical devices

“…These are previously recognized attacks, and actions have been taken to prevent them in the future. Unfortunately, there is always a lag between when infections begin to cause issues and when antivirus vendors update their software to stop the attack from progressing [9,10]. Kill-free technology FIGURE 1 Implementation of risk and threat assessment mainly adopts the equivalent replacement of instructions for virus signature, exchange of instruction sequences, shelling, adding flowers and other technologies [11].…”

Retracted: An IoT-Based Water Level Detection System Enabling Fuzzy Logic Control and Optical Fiber Sensor

“…Tis article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. Tis investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process:…”