An Isolated Preparation With a Selective Sensitivity to Vasopressin

Botting, Jack Howard

doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1965.tb02090.x

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Peptide-induced contractions were obtained in muscles that were both pretreated with guanethidine and maintained in phentolamine-containing Krebs (11), albeit in some cases by an indirect action (12), while there are reports that oxytocin may activate smooth muscle of the male reproductive system (13). The literature on the effects of neurohypophysial peptides on the anococcygeus muscles of species other than the mouse is confusing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropeptide-induced contraction and relaxation of the mouse anococcygeus muscle.

Gibson¹,

Bern²,

Ginsburg³

et al. 1984

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Isometric tension responses to neuropeptides were recorded from anococcygeus muscles isolated from male mice. This smooth muscle tissue is innervated by inhibitory nonadrenergic, noncholinergic nerves that resemble, ultrastructurally, the peptidergic neurons of the gastrointestinal tract; the physiological function of the anococcygeus is not known. Slow sustained contractions were produced by oxytocin (0.2-20 nM), , and [Arg]-vasotocin (0.4-100 nM); the mouse anococcygeus is, therefore, one of the few examples of nonvascular smooth muscle from male mammals to respond to low concentrations of oxytocin and related peptides. Substance P (0.5-8 ,AM) caused distinctive, biphasic increases in muscle tone of some, but not all, preparations. Other neuropeptides producing contractions were neurotensin (2-100 ,uM) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (2-100 ,AM); the responses were of similar time course and displayed selective cross-desensitization, suggesting that these two peptides act through a common distinct mechanism. Tetradecapeptide somatostatin (10-80 pM) and its analog urotensin 11 (0.1-5 ,uM), a dodecapeptide from the urophysis of the teleost fish Gilichthys mirabilis, produced similar slowly developing relaxations of carbachol-induced tone. Piscine urotensin II, of which there are no reported effects on nonvascular mammalian systems, was 20-50 times more potent than somatostatin, a well-established mammalian hormone. Of the peptides studied, only vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (0.05-1 ,uM) caused rapid powerful relaxations in low concentrations; this is consistent with its proposed involvement in nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurotransmission in the mouse anococcygeus.The anococcygeus muscles are two thin sheets of smooth muscle that arise, separately, from tendonous origins on the posterior sacral vertebrae and run caudad around both sides of the rectum to unite on its ventral aspect; a physiological function of the tissue has yet to be elucidated (1). The muscles of all species studied to date (rat, cat, rabbit, dog, mouse, and ox) are innervated by motor sympathetic fibers, of which the transmitter is norepinephrine, and by inhibitory nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) fibers, of which the transmitter is unidentified (1-6). Ultrastructurally, the NANC nerves of the anococcygeus resemble the p-type fibers of the gastrointestinal tract, suggesting that the transmitter may be a peptide (7). It has been proposed recently that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) might be involved in NANC transmission in the mouse anococcygeus (8). However, NANC relaxations of the mouse anococcygeus in response to field stimulation are complex, and it is possible that there is more than one NANC transmitter in this tissue (9). Consequently, we have investigated the effects of a wide range of neuropeptides on tone of the mouse anococcygeus in vitro. The anococcygeus muscle is unusually sensitive to substances that act by releasing norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve endings (1). To prevent such effects, each pre...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropeptide-induced contraction and relaxation of the mouse anococcygeus muscle.

Gibson¹,

Bern²,

Ginsburg³

et al. 1984

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…From the desert rat (AMeriones libycus), the stomach strip, cut to preserve either the longitudinal or the circular muscle, the duodenum, jejunum, ascending colon (Ambache, Kavanagh & Whiting, 1965), caecum, rectum and urinary bladder. From the guinea-pig, the proximal colon (Botting, 1965), the taenia coli, the rectum, the ureter, the urinary bladder and the seminal vesicle. From the chick, the rectum (Mann & West, 1950), the rectal caecum (Cleugh, Gaddum, Holton & Leach, 1961) and other segments of intestine.…”

Section: Experiments In Artificial Salt Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Botting's solution: NaCl, 8-0 (137-0); KCl, 0-2 (2-7); CaCl2, 0-08 (1-14); MgC92, 0-04 (0-65); NaHXPO4, 0-05 (0-32); glucose, 1-0 (5-6); NaHCO3, 1-0 (12-0); gassed with oxygen (Botting, 1965). …”

Section: Experiments In Artificial Salt Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These factors made quantitative study of the actions of drugs difficult and various procedures were tried in an attempt to improve the assay. These included storing the tissue for 24 to 48 h in Krebs solution at 40 C; changing the ionic composition of the Krebs solution (calcium or magnesium-free Krebs solution); the use of Tyrode solution, rat uterus Ringer solution or the solution described by Botting (1965); the addition of various agonists to the Krebs solution (acetylcholine, carbachol, 5-hydroxytryptamine, or angiotensin I1-amide) and the addition of hexamethonium or lignocaine (5 x 10-5 to 2 x 10' g/ml) to the Krebs solution. None of these treatments completely eliminated the drawbacks encountered with the tissue.…”

Section: Experiments In Artificial Salt Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A sensitive and specific assay for vasopressin in the circulating blood

Gilmore¹,

Vane²

1970

British J Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary1. A search was made for an assay tissue with selective sensitivity to vasopressin. Of those smooth muscle preparations tested, the longitudinal muscle of the isolated rectum of the rabbit was the most satisfactory. 2. The rabbit isolated rectum, bathed in Krebs solution, was contracted by acetylcholine, angiotensin II amide, bradykinin and 5-hydroxytryptamine. It was relaxed by vasopressin, oxytocin and the catecholamines.3. Vasopressin was active in concentrations of 4-100 ,uu. /ml (0-01-0-25 ng/ml) and was 20-30 times more active than oxytocin. Bretylium had no effect on the relaxant action of vasopressin; nor did concentrations of a-and /3-adrenoceptor blocking agents sufficient to abolish the actions of catecholamines. Lignocaine reduced the sensitivity of the rabbit rectum to both vasopressin and oxytocin without altering the actions of adrenaline. High concentrations of either vasopressin or oxytocin desensitized the rabbit rectum to the actions of both hormones, without affecting the actions of adrenaline. It was concluded that vasopressin and oxytocin act on a common population of receptors different from those for catecholamines. 4. Phentolamine, unlike other a-adrenoceptor antagonists, reduced the relaxant action of vasopressin on the rectum. 5. When superfused with blood from an anaesthetized dog, the rabbit rectum maintained a higher tone than in Krebs solution; it retained its sensitivity to vasopressin. Pronethalol, administered intraluminally, reduced spontaneous movement and abolished the actions of low concentrations of catecholamines, thereby increasing the specificity of the assay. No other substance tested relaxed the rectum in concentrations likely to be found in blood. 6. Vasopressin was stable in dog's blood; it survived passage through the pulmonary vascular bed; it had a half-life in the circulation of about 1 min. 7. The half-life of vasopressin in the circulation may depend upon the duration of the infusion.

show abstract

“…): NaCI 8.0, KCI 0-2, CaCl2 008, MgC12 0 04, NaH2PO4 0.05, NaHCO3 1 0, glucose 1.0. The temperature was maintained at 320 C and the fluid was vigorously aerated (Botting, 1965).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the mode of action of vasopressin on the isolated proximal colon of the guinea‐pig

Botting

Turmer

1969

British J Pharmacology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1. Contractions of guinea-pig isolated proximal colon produced by vasopressin are not affected by methyloxytocin (a compound that blocks pressor effects of vasopressin). 2. Vasopressin contractions are inhibited by replacement of sodium with mannitol or sucrose, elevation of potassium or magnesium concentrations, the presence of the metabolic inhibitors sodium azide and triethyl tin or tetrodotoxin in the bathing fluid. Contractions produced by histamine or choline esters are comparatively insensitive to these procedures. 3. Contractions of rat isolated uterus following vasopressin, oxytocin and methacholine are equally affected by replacement of sodium, increase of potassium or magnesium or addition of sodium azide. 4. Neither vasopressin contractions nor contractions caused by transmural stimulation were consistently affected by morphine (10-6 g/ml.) or hyoscine (10-7 g/ml.) although both were reduced by anoxia or cooling the tissue. Morphine did not reduce the output of acetylcholine from stimulated colon. 5. It is concluded that the action of vasopressin on proximal colon is unlike its action on other smooth muscle and is mediated by nervous tissue.The isolated proximal colon of the guinea-pig contracts on the addition of vasopressin to the bath, but this effect is unlike that of the hormone on other smooth muscle preparations, in that it appears to be acting indirectly on the muscle (Botting & Turmer, 1966). This conclusion was reached because addition of hexamethonium, anoxia, cooling to 25°C and reduction of the calcium concentration of the bath fluid (treatments which had little or no effect on the responses to substances acting directly on smooth muscle) diminished or abolished the response to vasopressin. Further experiments pointed to the involvement of a cholinergic mechanism, and the appearance of an acetylcholine-like substance in the bath fluid during the vasopressin-induced contractions of the colon was demonstrated. On the other hand, local anaesthetics, morphine and hyoscine, showed little or no selective antagonism towards vasopressin, although the ability of these drugs to inhiibit responses to indirectly acting drugs on preparations containing smooth muscle is well established.Further attempts to resolve the mechanism of action of vasopressin on guinea-pig isolated proximal colon are now described. MethodsMale guinea-pigs (320-400 g) were killed by a blow on the head and the most proximal portion of the colon was removed and suspended in an organ bath (12 ml.)

show abstract

An Isolated Preparation With a Selective Sensitivity to Vasopressin

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Neuropeptide-induced contraction and relaxation of the mouse anococcygeus muscle.

Neuropeptide-induced contraction and relaxation of the mouse anococcygeus muscle.

A sensitive and specific assay for vasopressin in the circulating blood

Studies on the mode of action of vasopressin on the isolated proximal colon of the guinea‐pig

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About