An Isotopic Perspective into the Magmatic Evolution and Architecture of the Rift Zones of Kīlauea Volcano

Pietruszka, A. J.; Marske, J. P.; Heaton, D. E.; Garcia, Michael O.; Rhodes, J. M.

doi:10.1093/petrology/egy098

Cited by 23 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…The different sources of these eruptions is also evident from the higher Mg# of co-erupted glasses in eruptions containing abundant deformed grains (Fig. 5a, b), consistent with the storage of more primitive melts in the deeper SC reservoir 67,69 . Interestingly, unlike the 1971 SWRZ eruption, the 1919-1920 Mauna Iki eruption contains abundant deformed grains (both eruptions occurred on the volcanic SWRZ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

“…The spatial distribution of deformed grains across the Kīlauean edifice provides insights into the location of mush piles. Geophysical and geochemical observations at Kīlauea have led to a model in which magma is stored at two distinct depths [66][67][68] . We find the largest proportion of deformed olivines in eruptions derived from the deeper South Caldera (SC) reservoir (based on Pb isotopes) 67,68 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geophysical and geochemical observations at Kīlauea have led to a model in which magma is stored at two distinct depths [66][67][68] . We find the largest proportion of deformed olivines in eruptions derived from the deeper South Caldera (SC) reservoir (based on Pb isotopes) 67,68 . In contrast, there are few deformed grains in intracaldera and volcanic SWRZ eruptions which tap the upper, more evolved Halema'uma'u reservoir.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scavenging of deformed grains from mush piles just before eruption also explains the high degree of olivine-liquid disequilibrium between deformed grains and their host melts 70 . As the Halema'uma'u reservoir is thought to be recharged from the SC reservoir 67 , entrainment of a small number of deformed grains during NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13635-y ARTICLE recharge events can account for their occasional occurrence in intracaldera eruptions, and the more extreme difference in forsterite contents between deformed and undeformed grains in these eruptions (Fig. 5e).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the mechanism we propose here accounts for the occurrence of deformed grains in a wide variety of basaltic systems worldwide, which lack deep rift zones. 67,68 ) are largely undeformed. These crystals have evolved forsterite contents, close to the equilibrium composition of their matrix glasses.…”

Section: % Of Tilt Boundariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural constraints on magmatic mushes under Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi

et al. 2020

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Distorted olivines of enigmatic origin are ubiquitous in erupted products from a wide range of volcanic systems (e.g., Hawaiʻi, Iceland, Andes). Investigation of these features at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, using an integrative crystallographic and chemical approach places quantitative constraints on mush pile thicknesses. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) reveals that the microstructural features of distorted olivines, whose chemical composition is distinct from undistorted olivines, are remarkably similar to olivines within deformed mantle peridotites, but inconsistent with an origin from dendritic growth. This, alongside the spatial distribution of distorted grains and the absence of adcumulate textures, suggests that olivines were deformed within melt-rich mush piles accumulating within the summit reservoir. Quantitative analysis of subgrain geometry reveals that olivines experienced differential stresses of ∼3-12 MPa, consistent with their storage in mush piles with thicknesses of a few hundred metres. Overall, our microstructural analysis of erupted crystals provides novel insights into mush-rich magmatic systems.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: % Of Tilt Boundariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural constraints on magmatic mushes under Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi

et al. 2020

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Provenance, production, and distribution of basalt and volcanic glass artifacts in Leeward Kohala, Hawaiʻi Island

et al. 2022

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We examined 2947 basalt and volcanic glass artifacts from 38 sites in leeward Kohala. Nondestructive energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence provided initial geochemical characterizations. Wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) analyses were completed on samples from ambiguously sourced groups. No more than 13.9% of the probable and definite adze‐related debitage originated in leeward Kohala. Notably absent are lithic materials from the nearby Pololū Adze Quarry in windward Kohala. Material from the more distant Mauna Kea Adze Quarry accounts for 41.6% of the adze debitage. Another 38.8% of the adze debitage matches with a tholeiitic source or sources long assumed to be Kīlauea Volcano in Kaʻū, but WDXRF and TIMS isotopic data do not support a Kīlauea source. Centralized adze production and distribution networks best explain adze distribution. Scoria abraders appear to have been regularly transported from the Kona district to leeward Kohala. Volcanic glass sources loosely align with distance‐decay trends, but show greater reliance on Puʻuwaʻawaʻa material by 1650 CE.

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The petrologic and degassing behavior of sulfur and other magmatic volatiles from the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi: melt concentrations, magma storage depths, and magma recycling

et al. 2021

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Kīlauea Volcano's 2018 lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption produced exceptionally high lava effusion rates and record-setting SO 2 emissions. The eruption involved a diverse range of magmas, including primitive basalts sourced from Kīlauea's summit reservoirs. We analyzed LERZ matrix glasses, melt inclusions, and host minerals to identify melt volatile contents and magma storage depths. The LERZ glasses and melt inclusions span nearly the entire compositional range previously recognized at Kīlauea. Melt inclusions in Fo 86-89 olivine from the main eruptive vent (fissure 8) underwent 70-170 °C cooling during transport in LERZ carrier melts, causing extensive post-entrapment crystallization and sulfide precipitation. Many of these melt inclusions have low sulfur (400-900 ppm) even after correction for sulfide formation. CO 2 and H 2 O vapor saturation pressures indicate shallow melt inclusion trapping depths (1-5 km), consistent with formation within Kīlauea's Halemaʻumaʻu and South Caldera reservoirs. Many of these inclusions also have degassed δ 34 S values (− 1.5 to − 0.5‰). Collectively, these results indicate that some primitive melts experienced near-surface degassing before being trapped into melt inclusions. We propose that decades-to-centuries of repeated lava lake activity and lava drain-back during eruptions (e.g., 1959 Kīlauea Iki) recycled substantial volumes of degassed magma into Kīlauea's shallow reservoir system. Degassing and magma recycling from the 2008-2018 Halemaʻumaʻu lava lake likely reduced the volatile contents of LERZ fissure 8 magmas, resulting in lower fountain heights compared to many prior Kīlauea eruptions. The eruption's extreme SO 2 emissions were due to high lava effusion rates rather than particularly volatile-rich melts.

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An Isotopic Perspective into the Magmatic Evolution and Architecture of the Rift Zones of Kīlauea Volcano

Cited by 23 publications

References 94 publications

Microstructural constraints on magmatic mushes under Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi

Microstructural constraints on magmatic mushes under Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi

Provenance, production, and distribution of basalt and volcanic glass artifacts in Leeward Kohala, Hawaiʻi Island

The petrologic and degassing behavior of sulfur and other magmatic volatiles from the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi: melt concentrations, magma storage depths, and magma recycling

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