An isotopic study of atmospheric lead in a megacity after phasing out of leaded gasoline

Abstract

22Atmospheric lead (Pb) concentrations in São Paulo city, Brazil, remain significant, despite the fact that leaded 23 gasoline has been phased out. The use of its isotope signature allows tracing emissions from increasing car 24 numbers, urban construction, and industrial emissions in this extremely populated area. High-precision and 25 accurate stable isotope ratio determinations using isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-26 TIMS) combined with particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and multivariate analysis were used to identify

Multi-isotope approach of Pb, Cu and Zn in urban aerosols and anthropogenic sources improves tracing of the atmospheric pollutant sources in megacities

“…In recent years, stable metal isotope ratios have been explored for their potential to improve our understanding of contaminant sources and pathways in the environment, including anthropogenic aerosol emissions from industries, metallurgy and coal plants (Cloquet et al, 2006;Komàrek et al, 2008;Gioia et al, 2008;Gioia et al, 2010;Gioia et al, 2016;Widory et al, 2004;Widory et al, 2010;Araújo et al, 2017;Araújo et al, 2018). Of special interest are the elements Pb, Cu and Zn, since they are important constituents of several man-made materials technological devices whose cycles are drastically altered by anthropogenic activities (Guéguen et al, 2012;Calvo et al, 2013).…”

Lead Source Assessment by Isotopic and Elementary Composition in the Transition From Pristine to Polluted Condition of Coastal Sediments / Avaliação Das Fontes De Pb Pelas Composições Isotópicas E Elementares De Sedimentos Costeiros Na Transição De Condições Naturais Para Poluídas

“…The isotope fingerprints techniques are useful to trace anthropogenic sources in the environment (Weiss al., 2007;Cunha et al, 2009;Araújo et al, 2017;Gioia et al, 2017), even in remote areas (e.g., Antarctica; Rosman et al, 1994). Unique relative Pb isotopes abundances for different sources are produced by the radioactive decay of the parent radionuclides, depending on the initial parent-to-product elemental ratios and time.…”

“…On the other hand, crustal Pb isotope compositions reflect the initial parental composition and new radiogenic Pb accumulated from the radioactive decay of U and Th since the time of formation. These abundances of isotopes define signatures, allowing the use of the isotopic ratios as an efficient tracer system to distinguish natural or polluting sources in the environment (Marcantonio et al, 1999;Landmeyer et al, 2003;Babinski et al, 2003;Gioia et al, 2006Gioia et al, , 2017Ettler et al, 2006;Komarek et al, 2008).…”

Identificação de fontes de contaminação urbana em poeiras de túneis da cidade de São Paulo por meio de caracterização elementar e isotópica

“…Calçada 18,3100 0,0049 15,6258 0,0051 38,2725 0,0145 1,1715 0,0001 2,0903 0,0004 20 As médias foram comparadas pelo teste não-paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. 21 Os trabalhos analisados foram: BABINSKI et al, 2003;GIOIA et al, 2017e SOUTO-OLIVEIRA et al, 2018 A análise do Gráfico 4.4 evidencia uma separação bastante pronunciada entre as razões isotópicas obtidas para amostras de material particulado proveniente da área industrial de Cubatão e as amostras de combustíveis, poeira de rua e pneus. Com relação à associação entre as razões isotópicas encontradas para as amostras de poeira de túnel e de poeira de rua, cabe ressaltar que a ressuspensão 23 Segundo essa companhia, cerca de 40% de todo o material particulado presente na atmosfera da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo é proveniente das emissões diretas de veículos movidos a gasolina ou diesel (ALONSO et al, 1997;CETESB, 2017b).…”