An MRI tissue equivalent lesion phantom using a novel polysaccharide material

Groch, M. W.; Urbon, J.; Erwin, William D.; Aldoohan, S

doi:10.1016/0730-725x(91)90430-t

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Occasional use of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) [12], [13], gelatin 14,15, TX-150 [16], TX-151 [17] and carrageenan [18], [19] has also been reported. Water phantoms are easy and safe to handle, but require a 10 min settling time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI Phantoms – Are There Alternatives to Agar?

et al. 2013

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The suitability of different gelling agents as MRI phantoms was evaluated in terms of homogeneity, gel stability and reproducibility. Time and effort for preparation were also taken into account. The relaxation times of various gel compositions were estimated. Carbomer-980 and Carbopol-974P were determined to be promising novel phantom materials. These gelling agents are readily available, inexpensive and easy to handle given that thermal treatment is not required. Furthermore, the viscoelasticity of their polymer network is pH-dependent. With such characteristics, it was even possible to embed sensitive objects and retrieve them after testing. This was demonstrated with a fiber phantom for Diffusion Weighted MRI applications. Since Carbomer-980 and Carbopol-974P are non-hazardous, they are also suitable for multimodal setups (e.g., MRI as well as ultrasonic imaging).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI Phantoms – Are There Alternatives to Agar?

et al. 2013

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“…The T 1 and T 2 relaxation times represent the rate at which the longitudinal and transverse components of the magnetization vector of human tissue return to thermodynamic equilibrium. Some polymer gels that have been investigated include agarose, 2-4 agar, 5,6 polyvinyl alcohol, 7 gelatin, 8 and polysaccharide gels TX-150 9 and TX-151. 10 These studies have demonstrated that each material has potential for phantom application, but this is limited due to fragility and storage conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical stability analysis of carrageenan-based polymer gel for magnetic resonance imaging liver phantom with lesion particles

Naguib

Haider

2014

J. Med. Imag

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Abstract. Medical imaging is an effective technique used to detect and prevent disease in cancer research. To optimize medical imaging, a calibration medium or phantom with tissue-mimicking properties is required. Although the feasibility of various polymer gel materials has previously been studied, the stability of the gels' properties has not been investigated. In this study, we fabricated carrageenan-based polymer gel to examine the stability of its properties such as density, conductivity, permittivity, elastic modulus, and T 1 and T 2 relaxation times over six weeks. We fabricated eight samples with different carrageenan and agar concentrations and found that the density, elastic modulus, and compressive strength fluctuated with no specific pattern. The elastic modulus in sample 4 with 3 wt. % carrageenan and 1.5 wt. % agar fluctuated from 0.51 to 0.64 MPa in five weeks. The T 1 and T 2 relaxation times also varied by 23% to 29%. We believe that the fluctuation of these properties is related to the change in water content of the sample due to cycles of water expulsion and absorption in their containers. The fluctuation of the properties should be minimized to achieve accurate calibration over the shelf life of the phantom and to serve as the standard for quality assurance. Furthermore, a full liver phantom with spherical lesion particles was fabricated to demonstrate the potential for phantom production.

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“…Even if one considers a T 2 value that is 1 standard deviation above the mean (154 milliseconds) for neonatal GM, the corresponding T 1 value (1290 Ϯ 30 milliseconds) for MnCl 2 would still be too low for neonatal GM. Room temperature T 1 values of firm gel materials [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]30 previously investigated for MRI phantoms are too short (approximately Ͻ 2 seconds) to emulate neonatal WM. Although a very long T 1 value (ϳ2700 milliseconds) was reported for 0.5% agarose gel at 1.4 T, 29 the authors indicated that the gel did not have the ability to hold its shape at concentrations less than 0.5%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 The long relaxation times in neonatal brain tissue compared with an adult brain are, in part, due to the very high water content (Ͼ90%) 20 in neonatal brain tissue. To our knowledge, T 1 values reported for gel phantom materials (PVA-C, 18,19 carrageenan, 21 TX-150, 22 gelatin, 23 alginate microbeads, 24 agarose, [25][26][27] and polyacrylamide 28 ) at room temperature generally do not exceed 2 seconds. One exception is 0.5% agarose by weight, which is marginally high enough in concentration to hold its shape.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Previous studies have shown that this can be accomplished by using 2 or more ingredients. 15,[21][22][23]26,29,30 For example, certain additives, (eg, graphite, 15,23 agarose, 21 2-2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl, 22 and aluminum powder 30 ) when added in small concentrations have been found to influence T 2 more strongly than T 1 . We selected agarose as an additive to influence T 2 , because it has been shown to homogenously dissolve in phantom materials without producing sediment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Development of a Composite Material Phantom Mimicking the Magnetic Resonance Parameters of the Neonatal Brain at 3.0 Tesla

Orr

Paliy²,

Winter³

et al. 2007

Investigative Radiology

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An MRI tissue equivalent lesion phantom using a novel polysaccharide material

Cited by 28 publications

References 5 publications

MRI Phantoms – Are There Alternatives to Agar?

MRI Phantoms – Are There Alternatives to Agar?

Mechanical stability analysis of carrageenan-based polymer gel for magnetic resonance imaging liver phantom with lesion particles

Development of a Composite Material Phantom Mimicking the Magnetic Resonance Parameters of the Neonatal Brain at 3.0 Tesla

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