An N100-P300 Spelling Brain-Computer Interface with Detection of Intentional Control

Abstract

A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a tool to communicate with a computer via brain signals without the user making any physical movements, thus enabling disabled people to communicate with their environment and with others. P300-based ERP spellers are a widely used spelling visual BCI using the P300 component of event-related potential (ERP). However, they have a technical problem in that at least √ 2N flashes are required to present N characters. This prevents the improvement of accuracy and restricts the typing speed. To address this issue, we propose a method that uses N100 in addition to P300. We utilize novel stimulus images to detect the user's gazing position by using N100. By using both P300 and N100, the proposed visual BCI reduces the number of flashes and improves the accuracy of the P300 speller. We also propose using N100 to classify non-control (NC) and intentional control (IC) states. In our experiments, the detection accuracy of N100 was significantly higher than that of P300 and the proposed method exhibited a higher information transfer rate (ITR) than the P300 speller.

Brain–Computer Interface Spellers: A Review

“…In [ 88 ], a new visual ERP-speller using N100 in addition to P300 was proposed. N100 is a type of visual evoked potential (VEP) which is induced by paying attention to the visual stimulus, and is not related to the oddball paradigm, making it difficult to use N100 alone for BCI.…”

“…N100 is a type of visual evoked potential (VEP) which is induced by paying attention to the visual stimulus, and is not related to the oddball paradigm, making it difficult to use N100 alone for BCI. The authors in [ 88 ] claimed that this was the first time where N100 was used for BCI commands classification. In the proposed system, P300 and N100 were used separately and independently to determine the target character and to overcome the familiar challenges of an ERP speller.…”

“…Eleven healthy 22–24-year-old males participated in this experiment, and performance comparisons between the two presented layouts and the P300 speller were carried out. For the 2 × 2, the average accuracy for the P300 was 63.1%, while the proposed speller in [ 88 ] showed an average accuracy of 74.7%. The average ITRs were 0.53 bpm and 0.70 bpm for the P300 and the proposed system, respectively.…”

Preliminary Results Using a P300 Brain-Computer Interface Speller: A Possible Interaction Effect Between Presentation Paradigm and Set of Stimuli

“…To solve this problem, another kind of presentation paradigm that does not require ocular mobility has been shown. The most developed paradigm for this purpose is the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) with the symbols located in the same position (e.g., [17][18][19][20][21]).…”

Libro de Actas - 11 Simposio CEA de Bioingeniería

“…Además del modo de presentación RCP, hay otras alternativas de presentación de estímulos que no requieren movilidad ocular. El paradigma más utilizado que no requiere movilidad ocular es el de presentación visual serial rápida (RSVP, de rapid serial visual presentation) (Sato y Washizawa, 2016;Treder y Blankertz, 2010).…”