An objective device for measuring surface roughness of skin and scars

Bloemen, M.C.T.; Gerven, Maaike S. van; Wal, Martijn B. A. van der; Verhaegen, Pauline D. H. M.; Middelkoop, Esther

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.03.006

Cited by 88 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Although fast and convenient direct methods that are appropriate for the clinical setting have been developed based on interference fringe profilometry and the use of CCD cameras [26,27,28], the preparation of replicas remains the most frequently used technique with a vast body of data available [3,4,5,8,10,12,13,17,18,29,30,31]. The advantages of the replica technique are simple and rapid sample preparation, reproducibility and precision, and the possibility to store the replica for repeated measurements [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Surface Topography and Texture Analysis of Sun-Exposed Body Sites in View of Sunscreen Application

Korn

Surber²,

Imanidis

2016

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background/Aims: To determine the roughness of the surface of human skin at highly sun-exposed anatomical sites in a wide age range in order to derive consequences for sunscreen application. Methods: The forehead, cheek, nose, shoulder, and dorsal hand of 4 age groups (0-9, 20-39, 40-59, and >60 years) were investigated by replica formation, and areal topography was determined by confocal chromatic imaging. The arithmetic mean height as a roughness parameter and the void volume of the surface profile were calculated. Results: Age and site had a significant effect on roughness. Both the dorsal hand and nose exhibited the greatest roughness over the age of 40, and the forehead of the youngest age group exhibited the smallest roughness. Differentiation between sites progressed with age, whereas roughness increased significantly with age for the dorsal hand and nose but not for the other sites. The void volume was smaller than the volume corresponding to the typically recommended amount of sunscreen application except for the cases of largest roughness. Conclusions: Different site-age combinations show significant variation of skin surface roughness. The application of sunscreen may in some instances need to be adjusted to take into account the increased roughness of highly sun-exposed anatomical sites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Surface Topography and Texture Analysis of Sun-Exposed Body Sites in View of Sunscreen Application

Korn

Surber²,

Imanidis

2016

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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“…However, still a methodological problem persists because the validation of objective instruments requires scar assessment scales. [35][36][37][38] Thus, only convergent validity can then be calculated.…”

Section: Clinimetric Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Clinimetric Overview of Scar Assessment Scales

Wal

Verhaegen

Middelkoop

et al. 2012

Journal of Burn Care & Research

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Standardized validated evaluation instruments are mandatory to increase the level of evidence in scar management. Scar assessment scales are potentially suitable for this purpose, but the most appropriate scale still needs to be determined. This review will elaborate on several clinically relevant scar features and critically discuss the currently available scar scales in terms of basic clinimetric requirements. Many current scales can produce reliable measurements but seem to require multiple observers to obtain these results reliably, which limits their feasibility in clinical practice. The validation process of scar scales is hindered by the lack of a "gold standard" in subjective scar assessment or other reliable objective instruments which are necessary for a good comparison. The authors conclude that there are scar scales available that can reliably measure scar quality. However, further research may lead to improvement of their clinimetric properties and enhance the level of evidence in scar research worldwide.

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“…These replicas were then imaged using a PRIMOS 4 R device and used as a ground truth. This PRIMOS device is based on the principle of structured light 3D imaging and has already proven to work for wrinkles and scar evaluation and for efficacy testing of skin treatments [38][39][40][41]. Its acquisition time is <100ms with a lateral and vertical resolution of 28µm and 2µm respectively.…”

Section: C Skin Replica and Ground Truthmentioning

confidence: 99%