An ongoing large outbreak of measles in Merseyside, England, January to June 2012

Vivancos, Roberto; Keenan, A.; Farmer, Siobhan; Atkinson, John P.; Coffey, Ernest M.; Dardamissis, Evdokia; Dillon, Jean Claude; Drew, Richard J.; Fallon, Michael P.; Huyton, Rita; Jarvis, Richard; Marsh, Grenville; Mason, R. Preston; Shryane, Theresa; Stewart, Alexander; Ghebrehewet, Sam

doi:10.2807/ese.17.29.20226-en

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Above 12 months of age group of confirmed cases, 16% of patient got one doze of vaccine and 3.34% of patients got two dozes vaccine. 22 Another study in Messina, Italy showed that 95% of measles cases were not vaccinated. In our study among under 5 years age group, 46 (62.16%) patients were under nine month of age who were too young to be vaccinated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Vulnerable age Group of Measles and its Outcome in Under Five Children

Tauhid,

Siddika,

Anwer

2024

Bangladesh J Child Health

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Background: Measles continues to be a major public health problem worldwide, with a high mortality and morbidity. Unvaccinated young children are at highest risk of measles and its complication including death. Objectives: To assess the vulnerable age group of children for measles under five years of age and also to evaluate the demographic profile, common clinical complication, seasonal variation and outcome of measles among children of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This Retrospective observational study was done in the Infectious disease’s hospital, Dhaka during the period of July 2018 to June 2019.The data, were collected, compiled and analyzed. Result: During the study period, a total of 74 confirmed measles cases were selected. Among them, 0-<6-month age group were 21.62%, 6 months to <9 months were 40.54%, 9 months to <15 months were 9.46% and 15 months to <60 months were 28.38%. Highest number of measles cases were admitted in February (14.9%), March (16.2%) and April (14.9%) which are mainly the spring and early summer and lowest in winter. Most common complications of measles were pneumonia and diarrhea. Conclusion: Children below nine month of age who did not reach the vaccination age were found most vulnerable for measles. Occurrence of measles found predominantly in spring and early summer. Pneumonia and diarrhea are the common complications. BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2022; VOL 46 (2) : 76-81

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Vulnerable age Group of Measles and its Outcome in Under Five Children

Tauhid,

Siddika,

Anwer

2024

Bangladesh J Child Health

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“…For example, SARS R 0 was estimated to be in the range 2.2-3.6 (normal transmission) [28], SARS-CoV-2 R 0 estimates presented early in the COVID-19 pandemic present mean values from 2.5 to 6.1, but reconciled estimates accounting for differences in growth rates and generation intervals present values from 2.3 to 4.8 (high transmission) [29]. And finally for measles R 0 is generally cited to be in the range 12-18; however, different estimates considering prior population immunity by vaccination estimate it in the range 6-9.5 (super high transmission) [30][31][32].…”

Section: Simulation and Steady-state Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

How disease risk awareness modulates transmission: coupling infectious disease models with behavioural dynamics

et al. 2022

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Epidemiological models often assume that individuals do not change their behaviour or that those aspects are implicitly incorporated in parameters in the models. Typically, these assumptions are included in the contact rate between infectious and susceptible individuals. However, adaptive behaviours are expected to emerge and play an important role in the transmission dynamics across populations. Here, we propose a theoretical framework to couple transmission dynamics with behavioural dynamics due to infection awareness. We modelled the dynamics of social behaviour using a game theory framework, which is then coupled with an epidemiological model that captures the disease dynamics by assuming that individuals are aware of the actual epidemiological state to reduce their contacts. Results from the mechanistic model show that as individuals increase their awareness, the steady-state value of the final fraction of infected individuals in a susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model decreases. We also incorporate theoretical contact networks, having the awareness parameter dependent on global or local contacts. Results show that even when individuals increase their awareness of the disease, the spatial structure itself defines the steady state.

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“…The HCWs had been routinely vaccinated with MMR and cross-neutralising antibodies were detected against most MeV genotypes that have been circulating worldwide. B3 was a widely circulating genotype in the UK for several years, and was isolated during recent outbreaks [13,34,35], while the D8 genotype caused the Sheffield outbreak in 2016. We observed that the titres against five circulating strains were significantly higher than the titre against the Edmonston (vaccine strain) pseudotype, with the percentage of individuals being protected against B3 being higher than the percentages against the other five strains.…”

Section: Correlation Between Measles-specific Igg Level and Neutralis...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlating IgG Levels with Neutralising Antibody Levels to Indicate Clinical Protection in Healthcare Workers at Risk during a Measles Outbreak

Logan

Coleman

et al. 2022

Viruses

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The rapid transmission of measles poses a great challenge for measles elimination. Thus, rapid testing is required to screen the health status in the population during measles outbreaks. A pseudotype-based virus neutralisation assay was used to measure neutralising antibody titres in serum samples collected from healthcare workers in Sheffield during the measles outbreak in 2016. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudotypes bearing the haemagglutinin and fusion glycoproteins of measles virus (MeV) and carrying a luciferase marker gene were prepared; the neutralising antibody titre was defined as the dilution resulting in 90% reduction in luciferase activity. Spearman’s correlation coefficients between IgG titres and neutralising antibody levels ranged from 0.40 to 0.55 (p < 0.05) or from 0.71 to 0.79 (p < 0.0001) when the IgG titres were obtained using different testing kits. In addition, the currently used vaccine was observed to cross-neutralise most circulating MeV genotypes. However, the percentage of individuals being “well-protected” was lower than 95%, the target rate of vaccination coverage to eliminate measles. These results demonstrate that the level of clinical protection against measles in individuals could be inferred by IgG titre, as long as a precise correlation has been established between IgG testing and neutralisation assay; moreover, maintaining a high vaccination coverage rate is still necessary for measles elimination.

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An ongoing large outbreak of measles in Merseyside, England, January to June 2012

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluation of Vulnerable age Group of Measles and its Outcome in Under Five Children

Evaluation of Vulnerable age Group of Measles and its Outcome in Under Five Children

How disease risk awareness modulates transmission: coupling infectious disease models with behavioural dynamics

Correlating IgG Levels with Neutralising Antibody Levels to Indicate Clinical Protection in Healthcare Workers at Risk during a Measles Outbreak

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