An open source heterogeneous 3D printed mouse phantom utilising a novel bone representative thermoplastic

Price, Gareth J; Biglin, Emma R.; Collins, Seán; Aitkenhead, A.; Subiel, Anna; Chadwick, Amy L.; Cullen, D. M.; Kirkby, K.J.; Schettino, Giuseppe; Tipping, Jill; Robinson, Andrew

doi:10.1088/1361-6560/ab8078

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A core problem of all mentioned studies was that no suitable equivalent for cortical bone was found 6 . To overcome this limitation, dedicated materials were developed, in which either metal filaments were mixed with PLA 16 , or CaTiO 3 or bismuth powder to ABS 17,18 . However, these materials are not commercially available (so far) and special equipment like multi‐material printer or filament‐extruder are required for their processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue equivalence of 3D printing materials with respect to attenuation and absorption of X‐rays used for diagnostic and interventional imaging

et al. 2022

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Introduction Three‐dimensional printing is a promising technology to produce phantoms for quality assurance and dosimetry in X‐ray imaging. Crucial to this, however, is the use of tissue equivalent printing materials. It was thus the aim of this study to evaluate the properties of a larger number of commercially available printing filaments with respect to their attenuation and absorption of X‐rays. Materials and methods Apparent kerma attenuation coefficients (AKACs) and absorbed doses for different X‐ray spectra (tube voltages, 70–140 kV) were measured and simulated by Monte‐Carlo computations for a larger number of fused‐deposition‐modeling (FDM) materials. The results were compared with the respective values simulated for reference body tissues. In addition, the properties of polylactide acid samples printed with reduced infill densities were investigated. Results Measured and simulated AKACs and absorbed doses agreed well with each other and in case of AKACs also with attenuation coefficients derived from the reference database of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). For lung, adipose, muscle, and bulk soft tissue as well as for spongiosa (cancellous bone), printed materials with equivalent attenuation as well as absorption properties could be identified. In contrast, none of the considered printed materials was equivalent to cortical bone. Conclusion Several FDM materials have been identified as well‐suited substitutes for body tissues in terms of the investigated material characteristics. They can therefore be used for in‐house production of individualized and task‐specific phantoms for image quality assessment and dose measurements in X‐ray imaging.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue equivalence of 3D printing materials with respect to attenuation and absorption of X‐rays used for diagnostic and interventional imaging

et al. 2022

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“…The material used was polylactic acid (PLA, RS Components Ltd.) which has a density of 1.25 g/cm 3 in raw filament form. Although the phantoms were printed at 100% in-fill, the measured density of the final printed phantoms (1.19 g/cm 3 ) was lower than that of the raw material due to effects within the printing process 22 . The choice of PLA for the phantom material was made based on its availability and suitability as a tissue substitute 25 , 26 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The phantom used in this audit was previously described by Price et al . 22 (which includes a link to open source files for the phantom geometry). To create the phantom the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan of a nude mouse was segmented into three parts (body, bones and lungs) then transformed into stereolithographic files suitable for import into Meshmixer (Autodesk, Inc.) and Netfabb (Autodesk, Inc.) computer-aided design software.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preclinical radiotherapy dosimetry audit using a realistic 3D printed murine phantom

Biglin

Aitkenhead

Price

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Preclinical radiation research lacks standardized dosimetry procedures that provide traceability to a primary standard. Consequently, ensuring accuracy and reproducibility between studies is challenging. Using 3D printed murine phantoms we undertook a dosimetry audit of Xstrahl Small Animal Radiation Research Platforms (SARRPs) installed at 7 UK centres. The geometrically realistic phantom accommodated alanine pellets and Gafchromic EBT3 film for simultaneous measurement of the dose delivered and the dose distribution within a 2D plane, respectively. Two irradiation scenarios were developed: (1) a 10 × 10 mm2 static field targeting the pelvis, and (2) a 5 × 5 mm2 90° arc targeting the brain. For static fields, the absolute difference between the planned dose and alanine measurement across all centres was 4.1 ± 4.3% (mean ± standard deviation), with an overall range of − 2.3 to 10.5%. For arc fields, the difference was − 1.2% ± 6.1%, with a range of − 13.1 to 7.7%. EBT3 dose measurements were greater than alanine by 2.0 ± 2.5% and 3.5 ± 6.0% (mean ± standard deviation) for the static and arc fields, respectively. 2D dose distributions showed discrepancies to the planned dose at the field edges. The audit demonstrates that further work on preclinical radiotherapy quality assurance processes is merited.

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“…Moreover, point-like measurements with small dosimeters can be supported by simulations [58] to resolve proton dose distributions [59,60]. Standardized 3D phantoms of rodents could clearly improve preclinical proton dosimetry, but are currently only available for orthovoltage X-rays [61].…”

Section: The Physicist's Point Of Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models for Translational Proton Radiobiology—From Bench to Bedside and Back

Suckert

Nexhipi

Dietrich

et al. 2021

Cancers

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The number of proton therapy centers worldwide are increasing steadily, with more than two million cancer patients treated so far. Despite this development, pending questions on proton radiobiology still call for basic and translational preclinical research. Open issues are the on-going discussion on an energy-dependent varying proton RBE (relative biological effectiveness), a better characterization of normal tissue side effects and combination treatments with drugs originally developed for photon therapy. At the same time, novel possibilities arise, such as radioimmunotherapy, and new proton therapy schemata, such as FLASH irradiation and proton mini-beams. The study of those aspects demands for radiobiological models at different stages along the translational chain, allowing the investigation of mechanisms from the molecular level to whole organisms. Focusing on the challenges and specifics of proton research, this review summarizes the different available models, ranging from in vitro systems to animal studies of increasing complexity as well as complementing in silico approaches.

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An open source heterogeneous 3D printed mouse phantom utilising a novel bone representative thermoplastic

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

Tissue equivalence of 3D printing materials with respect to attenuation and absorption of X‐rays used for diagnostic and interventional imaging

Tissue equivalence of 3D printing materials with respect to attenuation and absorption of X‐rays used for diagnostic and interventional imaging

A preclinical radiotherapy dosimetry audit using a realistic 3D printed murine phantom

Models for Translational Proton Radiobiology—From Bench to Bedside and Back

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