“…Within the scope of deteriorating inventory models, literature can be categorized by the start of the deterioration process within the cycle. Earlier papers that did not consider preservation adopted the straightforward approach where deterioration begins at the start of the cycle [1,3,8,9,19,23,31,32,33]. This approach has been adopted by recent studies that now consider preservation to affect the deterioration process [4,6,7,12,20,22,29].…”