An Orifice Flow Analysis on the Basis of Density and Viscosity Effects of Fluids

Abstract

The orifice flow measurement produces errors due to highly turbulent and backflow in downstream which have to be overcome. Determine the Δp, and coefficient of discharge (Cd) for flow through the orifice CFD analysis. The input parameters vary with the variance of Reynolds number (Re), fluids with the deviation of density and viscosity, area ratio (σ). The range of Re (20000- 100000), σ (0.2- 0.6), density (ρr), and viscosity (µr) ratio vary as per the fluids considered. The various incompressible and compressible fluids are considered for the study of flow through the orifice based on the difference in density and viscosity properties. The fluids considered for studies are Air, Ammonia (NH3), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrogen (H2), and Sulphur dioxide (SO2) as compressible fluid category, and water (H2O), liquid ammonia (LNH3), liquid hydrogen (LH2), liquid oxygen (LO2), liquid R12 (Dichlorodifluoromethane) as incompressible fluid category. Correlations are also proposed from the above numerical database to determine Cd as a function of Re, σ, ρr, and µr for the orifice. The correlation provides a significant contribution to the viscous fluid flow measurement with the flow through the orifice.