An Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza at a Public Animal Exhibit in Seoul, Korea, During 2008

Yoon, Hachung; Moon, Oun-Kyung; More, Simon J.; Park, C. K.; Park, J. Y.; Lee, Y. J.; Lee, S. D.; Ha, Ji-won; Jeong, Sol; Jeong, Jei-Hyun; Lee, S. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01235.x

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Kim (2002) stated that public service refers to the comprehensive set of activities by the government to supply resources and services to society, aiming to satisfy public desires. Public services are the tangible and intangible products that a government supplies to its citizens [18]. The fundamental value intrinsic to such diverse definitions could be found in the etymology of the word "public" as explained by Horace Frederickson, who created and promoted the new public administration.…”

Section: The Principles Of Public Servicementioning

confidence: 99%

Participatory Public Service Design by Gov.3.0 Design Group

Baek

Kim

2018

Sustainability

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Citizen satisfaction levels with public service have become a key indicator in evaluating a nation's policy capability; as such, it has become important to realize citizen-centered public service that enhances the satisfaction of citizens. Governments need to adopt new and creative methods to respond to changes and redefine the conditions of their policy processes. This study reviews the effectiveness of utilizing open innovation by design thinking for policy processes, and aims to detail the conditions for a policy process geared towards citizen-centered public service. The study reviews open innovation as a means of overcoming the insular tendencies of organizations, and also reviews the advantages of design thinking in identifying the diversified needs of citizens and coordinating their interests. Based on those, we conducted a case study and applied open innovation by design thinking for policy processes. The results revealed that key conditions include cooperation among designers, the diversification of communication channels between internal and external organizations, the joining of citizen experiences, repeated verification of citizen needs, and visualization of the whole progression. Such conditions are principal factors that contribute to citizen orientation and participation, and are expected to play a conducive role in the realization of citizen-centered public service in the future.

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Section: The Principles Of Public Servicementioning

confidence: 99%

Participatory Public Service Design by Gov.3.0 Design Group

Baek

Kim

2018

Sustainability

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“…The European Food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. (Yatsyshina et al, 2008) Not relevant outcomes (Yee, 2009) Not relevant outcomes (Yeh et al, 2012) Not relevant outcomes (Yoon et al, 2010) Territory (Zanella et al, 2001) Not relevant outcomes (H. ) Territory (Zhang and Lei, 2010) Study population (Z. Not relevant outcomes ) Territory (Zou et al, 2015) Not relevant outcomes The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as authors.…”

Section: Citation Reason Of Exclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of biosecurity measures and early detection systems, mitigation measures and surveillance strategies on the spread of HPAI and LPAI between farms

Mulatti

Dorotea

Vieira

et al. 2017

EFSA Supporting Publications

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An extensive literature review was performed to provide insights on the effect of biosecurity and control measures on the risk of introduction and spread of avian influenza in the domestic poultry sector, whether there are gaps in surveillance on wild birds, and to investigate the trigger thresholds for early detection activities through passive surveillance. A total of 1390 articles were retrieved from on-line databases, including Thomson-Reuters Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Ovid and Medline. After removing duplicates 788 studies were screened, and 194 papers were fully read to evaluate whether they could provide reliable information. Twenty-seven papers were considered relevant for assessing the effect of biosecurity and control measures, 7 were included in the assessment of early detection thresholds, and 66 provided information on surveillance gaps in wild birds. Due to the different types of studies included in the review, it resulted impossible to make direct comparison between the results obtained in the articles, as many of them did not report quantitative assessments of the effects of interest. Instead of a formal comparison between studies, the results were reported to provide recommendations on the research questions, also supplying evidences obtained through quantitative analysis and mathematical modeling. Nevertheless it was possible to assess the likely effects of control measures such as pre-emptive culling of farms nearby infected premises, ring vaccination and compartmentalization. Insights on early detection measures provided useful information to reconsider the passive surveillance thresholds to be accounted for to avoid the undetected circulation of avian influenza. The reporting of surveillance on wild birds allowed to identify species to be integrated within the commonly considered target species, and procedures to optimize activities by focusing on defined areas and temporal periods, in the context of a fine tuned Risk Based Surveillance plan. © IZSVe, 2016Key words: avian influenza, biosecurity, surveillance, early detection, introduction, spread Disclaimer: The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as authors. This task has been carried out exclusively by the authors in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the authors, awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European Food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors.Suggested citation: Mulatti P, Dorotea T, Vieira JT, Bonfanti Lebana, Marangon S, 2016. Effect of biosecurity measures and early detection systems, mitigation measures and surveillance strategies on the spread of HPAI and LPAI between farms. EFSA supporting publication 2016:EN-1142....

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Low Pathogenic Influenza A Virus Activity at Avian Interfaces in Ohio Zoos, 2006–2009

et al. 2013

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This investigation to examine influenza A virus activity in avian species at four Ohio zoos was initiated to better understand the ecology of avian-origin influenza A (AIV) virus in wild aquatic birds and the possibility of spill-over of such viruses into captive zoo birds, both native and foreign species. Virus isolation efforts resulted in the recovery of three low pathogenic (LP) AIV isolates (one H7N3 and two H3N6) from oral-pharyngeal or cloacal swabs collected from over 1000 zoo birds representing 94 species. In addition, 21 LPAIV isolates possessing H3N6, H4N6, or H7N3 subtype combinations were recovered from 627 (3.3%) environmental fecal samples collected from outdoor habitats accessible to zoo and wild birds. Analysis of oral-pharyngeal and cloacal swabs collected from free-ranging mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) live-trapped at one zoo in 2007 resulted in the recovery of 164 LPAIV isolates (48% of samples) representing five HA and six NA subtypes and at least nine HA-NA combinations. The high frequency of isolate recovery is undoubtedly due to the capture and holding of wild ducks in a common pen before relocation. Serologic analyses using an agar gel immune diffusion assay detected antibodies to the influenza A virus type-specific antigen in 147 of 1237 (11.9%) zoo bird sera and in 14 of 154 (9%) wild mallard sera. Additional analyses of a limited number of zoo bird sera demonstrated HA- and NA-inhibition activity to 15 HA and nine NA subtypes. The spectrum of HA antibodies indicate antibody diversity of AIV infecting zoo birds; however, the contribution of heterologous cross-reactions and steric interference was not ruled out. This proactive investigation documented that antigenically diverse LPAIVs were active in all three components of the avian zoologic-wild bird interfaces at Ohio zoos (zoo birds, the environment, and wild birds). The resulting baseline data provides insight and justification for preventive medicine strategies for zoo birds.

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An Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza at a Public Animal Exhibit in Seoul, Korea, During 2008

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Participatory Public Service Design by Gov.3.0 Design Group

Participatory Public Service Design by Gov.3.0 Design Group

Effect of biosecurity measures and early detection systems, mitigation measures and surveillance strategies on the spread of HPAI and LPAI between farms

Low Pathogenic Influenza A Virus Activity at Avian Interfaces in Ohio Zoos, 2006–2009

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