An Outline of Evolution of the Hymenopterous Insects (Order Vespida)

Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P.

doi:10.1080/00305316.1988.11835485

Cited by 275 publications

(455 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The Apocrita are generally considered monophyletic, based on the fusion of the thorax and first abdominal segment, and there is no dispute over the monophyly of the Aculeata. However, the relationships and composition of the Parasitica superfamilies remain problematic with monophyly unlikely (Konigsmann, 1978;Gauld & Bolton, 1988;Rasnitsyn, 1988).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex determination in the Hymenoptera: a review of models and evidence

1993

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The haploid males and diploid females of Hymenoptera have all chromosomes in the same proportions. This rules out most familiar sex-determining mechanisms, which rely on dosage differences at sex determination loci. Two types of model -genic balance and complementary sex determination (CSD) -have been invoked for Hymenoptera. Experimental studies provide no good evidence for genic balance models, which are contradicted by the detection of diploid males in 33 disparate species. Furthermore, recent advances have shown that sex determination in the beststudied diploid animals does not depend on genic balance, removing the original justification for hymenopteran genic balance models. Instead, several Hymenoptera have single-locus CSD. In this system, sex locus heterozyotes are female while homozygotes and hemizygotes are male. Singlelocus CSD does not apply to several inbreeding species and this probably reflects selection against the regular production of diploid males, which are sterile. A multilocus CSD model, in which heterozygosity at any one of several sex loci leads to female development has also been proposed. To date, multilocus CSD has not been demonstrated but several biases against its detection must be considered. CSD can apply to thelytokous races as long as the cytogenetic mechanism permits retention of sex locus heterozygosity. However, some thelytokous races clearly do not have CSD. The distribution of species with and without CSD suggests that this form of sex determination may be ancestral in the Hymenoptera. However, phylogenetic analyses are hindered by the lack of data from several superfamilies and the fact that the internal phylogeny of the Hymenoptera remains controversial.

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Section: Phylogenetic Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Rasnitsyn (1988) suggested that the parasitoid superfamily Ichneumonoidea is the sister group of the Aculeata. The apparent predominance of CSD in both of these taxa but not in the Chalcidoidea might support this suggestion.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex determination in the Hymenoptera: a review of models and evidence

1993

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“…The major groups were established by the Late Jurassic, with 22 superfamilies and many of the 89 extant families appearing by the Mid to Late Cretaceous (Rasnitsyn, 1988(Rasnitsyn, , 2002b. The basal hymenopteran lineages are either pollen or shoot feeders in staminate pine cones, or external or internal leaf feeders, with subsequent transitions through stemand wood-boring habits in living or dead plant tissue (Rasnitsyn, 2002b;reviewed in Sharkey, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three clades are considered particularly well supported: Unicalcarida (all Hymenoptera except Xyelidae, Tenthredinoidea and Pamphilioidea), Vespina (Orussidae + Apocrita) and Apocrita (Rasnitsyn and Zhang, 2010;Ronquist et al, 1999;Schulmeister, 2003a,b;Vilhelmsen, 2006;Vilhelmsen et al, 2010). Evidence for this scenario is largely derived from morphological analyses (Rasnitsyn and Zhang, 2010;Schulmeister, 2003a,b;Vilhelmsen, 1997Vilhelmsen, , 2001Vilhelmsen, , 2006Vilhelmsen et al, 2010), with some of the crucial pieces dating back to classical works by Rasnitsyn (1969Rasnitsyn ( , 1980Rasnitsyn ( , 1988 and Gibson (1985). Only a few molecular or combined studies address these basal relationships (Schulmeister, 2003b;Schulmeister et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of the framework for our current understanding of apocritan relationships was established by the groundbreaking contributions of the Russian palaeoentomologist Alexandr Rasnitsyn (1969Rasnitsyn ( , 1980Rasnitsyn ( , 1988Rasnitsyn and Zhang, 2010). Based on careful evaluation of morphological and fossil evidence, he divided Apocrita into four lineages (see color legend in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of the hymenopteran megaradiation

Heraty

Ronquist

Carpenter

et al. 2011

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

177

201

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a b s t r a c tThe Hymenoptera -ants, bees and wasps -represent one of the most successful but least understood insect radiations. We present the first comprehensive molecular study spanning the entire order Hymenoptera. It is based on approximately 7 kb of DNA sequence from 4 gene regions (18S, 28S, COI and EF-1a) for 116 species representing all superfamilies and 23 outgroup taxa from eight orders of Holometabola. Results are drawn from both parsimony and statistical (Bayesian and likelihood) analyses, and from both by-eye and secondary-structure alignments. Our analyses provide the first firm molecular evidence for monophyly of the Vespina (Orussoidea + Apocrita). Within Vespina, our results indicate a sister-group relationship between Ichneumonoidea and Proctotrupomorpha, while the stinging wasps (Aculeata) are monophyletic and nested inside Evaniomorpha. In Proctotrupomorpha, our results provide evidence for a novel core clade of proctotrupoids, and support for the recently proposed Diaprioidea. An unexpected result is the support for monophyly of a clade of wood-boring sawflies (Xiphydrioidea + Siricoidea). As in previous molecular studies, Orussidae remain difficult to place and are either sister group to a monophyletic Apocrita, or the sister group of Stephanidae within Apocrita. Both results support a single origin of parasitism, but the latter would propose a controversial reversal in the evolution of the wasp-waist. Generally our results support earlier hypotheses, primarily based on morphology, for a basal grade of phytophagous families giving rise to a single clade of parasitic Hymenoptera, the Vespina, from which predatory, pollen-feeding, gall-forming and eusocial forms evolved.

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Parasitoid Biodiversity and Insect Pest Management

Heraty

2017

Insect Biodiversity

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An Outline of Evolution of the Hymenopterous Insects (Order Vespida)

Cited by 275 publications

References 7 publications

Sex determination in the Hymenoptera: a review of models and evidence

Sex determination in the Hymenoptera: a review of models and evidence

Evolution of the hymenopteran megaradiation

Parasitoid Biodiversity and Insect Pest Management

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