An overview: Citrus maxima

Vijaylakshmi, P.; Radha, R

doi:10.31254/phyto.2015.4505

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The pomelo plant thrives in tropical lowlands up to an altitude of 400 meters, with an average temperature of 25-32°C and rainfall ranging from 1,500-2,500 mm, accompanied by a dry period of 3-4 months. Its fruit is large and round, with a diameter of 10-30 cm, consisting of thick skin (flavedo as the outer skin and albedo as the inner skin), which makes up 30% of its weight, and its flesh is pink or white with a sweet, bland, or sweet-tart taste [3,[6][7][8][9]. The picture of pomelo is shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Taxonomy and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Content and Pharmacology of Pomelo Orange (Citrus Maxima) Fruit Peel: A Review

Ajirul Abiq,

Sutrisno,

Marfuah

2024

E3S Web Conf.

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Pomelo (Citrus maxima) is one of the citrus species that is widely consumed. Consumption of pomelo oranges produces fruit peels that tend to be underutilized, so it may produce some waste. Most of the reported research has been extensively studied for its phytochemical and pharmacological properties. The objective of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the chemical compounds and pharmacological activity of the pomelo peel as an introduction to further research related to structure determination and activity testing. Several phytochemicals have been reported from Citrus maxima fruit peel including flavonoids, coumarins, phenylpropanoids, phenolics, steroids, and essential oils. These phytochemicals also exhibit some pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammation, insecticidal, antialzheimer, and antidiabetic. Further research is needed to explore the fruit peel extract’s activities and compounds in more detail for drug design, herbal products, and or functional foods. Proposed development based on pharmacological activities such as external remedies, internal remedies, dietary supplements, and pesticides.

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Section: Taxonomy and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Content and Pharmacology of Pomelo Orange (Citrus Maxima) Fruit Peel: A Review

Ajirul Abiq,

Sutrisno,

Marfuah

2024

E3S Web Conf.

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“…Địa chỉ email: dangngan240494@gmail.com https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1132/vnumps.4393 hàm lượng monoterpene cao, đây là nhóm chất có khả năng kháng khuẩn E.coli và Salmonella đem lại tác dụng diệt nấm trên da rất tốt [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Mở đầU *unclassified

Evaluation of Two Methods of Extracting Essential Oils from Citrus maxima

Ngan¹,

Huong²,

Thao³

et al. 2022

MPS

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Essential oil from Citrus maxima was extracted by steam distillation and solvent extraction. The organic solvent extraction method achieved a 28.5% increase in efficiency compared with the steam distillation method. TD1 essential oil had a strong smell, mixed with water and other impurities (wax, resin...). In contrast, TD2 essential oil was fragrant due to its high essential oil content. The chemical composition of TD2 was more than TD1. The main components of essential oils such as pinene, limonene, phellandrene, ocimene, linalool, anethole, eugenol, zingiberene, nerolidol, etc. were kept intact, not denatured, without impurities. Keywords: Citrus maxima, Oil, steam distillation, solvent extraction, GC-MS.

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“…Tanaman citrus merupakan tanaman yang memiliki kandungan flavonoid yang besar. Identifikasi flavonoid menunjukkan dalam Jeruk bali mengandung senyawa flavonoid acacetin dan tangeretin, rutin, eriocitrin, hespiridin, dan naringenin (6). Penelitian lainnya menunjukkan dalam tanaman citrus terdapat komponen flavonoid seperti naringenin dan hesperidin yang menjadi komponen flavonoid utama di dalamnya dan terbukti dapat menjadi antioksidan dan anti-inflamatori secara in vivo maupun in vitro.…”

Section: A Pendahuluanunclassified

Uji Aktivitas dan Toksisitas Secara In Silico Senyawa Turunan Flavonoid pada Jeruk Bali (Citrus Maxima) sebagai Antimelanogenesis

Dyanira

Fakih

Wisnuwardhani

2022

BCSP

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Abstract. Melanogenesis is the production of the pigment melanin, which is produced by cells called melanocytes. The enzyme that plays an important role in the melanin synthesis pathway is tyrosinase. Flavonoid compounds can prevent the process of melanogenesis because it contains antioxidants. Identification of flavonoids showed that grapefruit (Ctrus maxima) contains flavonoid compounds acacetin and tangeretin, rutin, eriocitrin, hespiridine, and naringenin. The purpose of this study was to test the activity of flavonoid derived compounds in grapefruit (Citrus maxima) as an antimelanogenesis candidate with tyrosinase receptors in silico. In this research, identification of physicochemical properties of flavonoid derivative test compounds using ChemBioDraw 2D software was carried out. The test compounds for flavonoid derivatives were optimized using the Gauss View software version 5.0.8 and Gaussian version 09. Then proceed to the docking simulation stage for the flavonoid derivative test compounds to the tyrosinase receptor which has been separated from its natural ligand and has been validated using the MGL Tools 1.5.6 software. has been equipped with Autodock Tools version 4.2. Based on the research results, the docking result of acacetin compound has a good affinity value compared to other compounds, namely -5.96 kcal/mol. Predicted results of acacetin toxicity have a high toxicity potential, are within the exposure threshold with a low risk of exposure and cannot cause carcinogenicity or mutagenicity. Abstrak. Melanogenesis merupakan produksi dari pigmen melanin yang diproduksi oleh sel yang disebut dengan melanosit. Enzim yang berperan penting pada jalur sintesis melanin adalah tyrosinase. Senyawa flavonoid dapat mencegah terjadinya proses melanogenesis karena terkandung antioksidan didalamnya. Identifikasi flavonoid menunjukkan dalam Jeruk bali (Citrus maxima) mengandung senyawa flavonoid acacetin dan tangeretin, rutin, eriocitrin, hespiridin, dan naringenin. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini untuk menguji aktivitas senyawa turunan flavonoid pada Jeruk bali (Citrus maxima) sebagai kandidat antimelanogenesis dengan reseptor tyrosinase seacara in silico. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan identifikasi sifat fisikokimia pada senyawa uji turunan flavonoid menggunakan software ChemBioDraw 2D. Senyawa uji turunan flavonoid dilakukan optimasi menggunakan software Gauss View versi 5.0.8 dan Gaussian versi 09. Kemudian dilanjutkan ke tahap simulasi docking senyawa uji turunan flavonoid terhadap reseptor tyrosinase yang telah dipisahkan dengan ligan alaminya dan telah di validasi menggunakan software MGL Tools 1.5.6 yang telah dilengkapi dengan Autodock Tools versi 4.2. Berdasarkan hasil penelitan, hasil docking dar senyawa acacetin memiliki nilai afinitas yang baik dibandingkan dengan senyawa yang lain yaitu -5,96kcal/mol. Hasil prediksi toksisitas acacetin memiliki potensi toksisitas yang tinggi, berada dalam ambang batas paparan dengan resiko paparan yang masih rendah serta tidak dapat menyebabkan karsinogenik atau mutagenisitas.

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An overview: Citrus maxima

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Chemical Content and Pharmacology of Pomelo Orange (Citrus Maxima) Fruit Peel: A Review

Chemical Content and Pharmacology of Pomelo Orange (Citrus Maxima) Fruit Peel: A Review

Evaluation of Two Methods of Extracting Essential Oils from Citrus maxima

Uji Aktivitas dan Toksisitas Secara In Silico Senyawa Turunan Flavonoid pada Jeruk Bali (Citrus Maxima) sebagai Antimelanogenesis

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