An overview of analytical methodologies for the determination of antibiotics in environmental waters

Abstract

a b s t r a c tThe widespread occurrence of antibiotics as contaminants in the aquatic environment has increased attention in the last years. The concern over the release of antibiotics into the environment is related primarily to the potential for the development of antimicrobial resistance among microorganisms. This article presents an overview of analytical methodologies for the determination of quinolone (Qs) and fluoroquinolone (FQs), macrolide (MLs), tetracycline (TCs), sulfonamide (SAs) antibiotics and trimethoprim (TMP) in different environmental waters. The analysis of these antibiotics has usually been carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and to a lesser extent by ultraviolet (UV) or fluorescence detection (FD). A very important step before LC analysis is sample preparation and extraction leading to elimination of interferences and prevention of matrix effect and preconcentration of target analytes.

Rapid detection of multiple class pharmaceuticals in both municipal wastewater and sludge with ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

“…In the majority of studies, the cartridge eluents are diverse and usually involve various organic solvents, such as methanol, acidified methanol, or ACN based on the physicochemical properties and polarities of target analytes (Seifrtová et al, 2009). In this study, several eluents including (A) ACN; (B) a mixture of dichloromethane and acetone (3:2, V/V); (C) a mixture of MeOH, dichloromethane and acetone (40:36:24, V/V/V); (D) MeOH; and (E) MeOH with 0.1% formic acid were tested to examine the elution efficiencies as expressed by the recoveries of target pharmaceuticals (Fig.…”

Sulfonamides in the environment: a review and a case report

“…Review articles, published in 2009Review articles, published in , 2010Review articles, published in and 2011 Table 3. All important topics are covered, e.g., general information on common types of sulfonamides polluting the environment (Baran et al 2011;Zhang and Li 2011), sample preparation (Namera et al 2011;Samanidou and Karageorgou 2011), and analytical methods used for sulfonamide detection, namely HPLC (Seifrtova et al 2009;Tolika et al 2010), capillary electrophoresis (Garcia-Campana et al 2009;Pinero et al 2011), and immunoassays (Nesterenko et al 2009). Some reviews deal with resistance (Le-Minh et al 2010;Jury et al 2011), or the degradation of different pollutants, sulfonamides included (Sharma 2010).…”

A Simple and Modified Method Development of Vancomycin Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography

“…As seen in Table 1 LOQ of three ranges were 2, 40 and 10 μg/mL respectively [26], with accuracy (recovery) between 74.5% and 111% this was absolute for quantification study. The correlation coefficient calculation and the regression analysis were performed without any type of mathematical transformation [27][28][29][30][31].…”