An overview of millets-the nutri-cereals: Its nutritional profile, potential health benefits and sustainable cultivation approach

Abstract

Background: Millets have emerged as a focal point in a search for sustainable and nutritious food sources in recent years, particularly in India. Millets are a group of ancient cereal grains that stand as nutritional powerhouses with diverse health benefits, making them a valuable addition to diets worldwide. These hardy crops grow in a variety of agro-climatic conditions, requiring less water and inputs in comparison to other primary cereal grains. Millet's low glycemic index helps to stabilize blood sugar levels, while its high fiber content benefits heart health by lowering LDL cholesterol levels and increasing good cholesterol. Millets have recently attracted global attention for their potential to alleviate nutrition concerns along with promoting environmental sustainability. The Government of India proposed declaring 2023 the International Year of Millets at the United Nations General Assembly, which was supported by 71 countries. Governments, non-governmental organizations and research institutions are working together to promote awareness, produce improved millet varieties and implement policies that benefit millet farming communities. Aim: To prepare comprehensive data on millet's nutritional profile, potential health benefits, and sustainable cultivation practices. Review Results: In the available literature, it is observed that various types of millets are available and some of them are nutrition-rich while others have different health benefits. Conclusion: By promoting the cultivation of millets, we can diversify our food systems, reduce the pressure on staple crops, enhance agro-biodiversity and contribute to sustainable agricultural practices.

Millets as supergrains: a holistic approach for sustainable and healthy food product development

“…Millets were domesticated and cultivated for 8700–10 300 years as both human and animal nourishment across the continents of Asia, Africa, and a small portion of Europe; however, they have been replaced by wheat and rice due to irrigation, open markets, and urbanization. Specifically, archeological records indicate that millet has been grown in India for thousands of years, 12 which can be categorized into major and minor millets. Pearl millet ( Pennisetum typhoides L.) and sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.) are major millets, whereas Kodo millet, barnyard millet ( Echinochloa frumentacea L.), little millet ( Panicum sumatrense Roth ), and foxtail millet ( Setaria italica L.) are minor millets.…”