An Overview of Monkeypox Outbreak

Abstract

The proceeding 2022 multicountry epidemic of Monkeypox emerges as a global health concern. The first death outside of Africa appeared in Brazil on July 29, 2022, and the first death in Europe occurred in Spain on July 29, 2022. As a result, the World Health Organization announced the monkeypox epidemic as a global public health emergency on July 2022. Therefore, we aimed to present a review in light of contemporary facts. We conducted a review of current details on Monkeypox. Close contact is the best-known risk factor for human-to-human transmission; a pregnant woman can pass the virus to the fetus. The approximative incubation period is 10-14 days. Prodromal symptoms are fever, malaise, chills, and lymphadenopathy. Then clinicians observe that rash develops in most patients. Monkeypox usually takes 2-4 weeks on its own. The plurality of monkeypox patients recovers without treatment. However, some patients with complications may need treatment. Children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals may develop a longer disease because of eye infections, pneumonia, and encephalitis. Physicians use anamnesis, clinical signs, and laboratory tests to diagnose infection. Infected animals and patients should be quarantined. There is no specific vaccine still. Nevertheless, the smallpox vaccine protects 85% against monkeypox, according to early reports. Antiviral drugs, Tecovirimat, Cidofovir, Brincidofovir, and Human Vaccinia Immune Globulin, can potentially treat. Our review centers on clinical knowledge for the efficacious management, prevention, and guidance of monkeypox responders and patients globally.