An overview of sample preparation and extraction of synthetic pyrethroids from water, sediment and soil

A two-step pH-dependent liquid–liquid extraction combined with HPLC-fluorescence method for the determination of 10-hydroxycamptothecin in mouse liver tissue

“…LLE is based on the distinct distribution of analytes between two immiscible solvents (Albaseer et al, 2010). Despite the disadvantages of large volumes of organic solvents and the poor potential for automation (Bjoërklund et al, 2002;Palit et al, 2005), LLE was widely used for the extraction of aqueous samples (Nováková & Vlčková, 2009;Wu et al, 2010) because of its fast and effective separation of two phases, and especially high efficiency for the preparation of plasma sample (Aymard et al, 2000;Gauvin et al, 2000;Liu et al, 2008;Sparreboom et al, 1998).…”

A simple and rapid analytical methodology based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for monitoring pesticide residues in soils from Argentina

“…The second and third compounds were selected for this work, but unfortunately glyphosate could not be included in this multi-reside methodology due to its particular physicochemical characteristics, which require the use of specific methodology for this compound 7 . Other compounds from the list of most-consumed pesticides included in Those pesticides from the top-list that were more appropriate for GC analysis were excluded from this study, and finally another eleven LC-MS amenable compounds, frequently used in agricultural practices around the world, were also considered making a total of 18 target pesticides including herbicides (8), fungicides (2) and insecticides/acaricides (8).…”

“…Many different techniques have been used along the time for soil sample preparation, including extraction and/or clean-up, such as Soxhlet extraction, pressurized-liquid extraction (PLE) , ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, microwave assisted extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, accelerated solvent extraction, solid-phase extraction (SPE), or solid-phase microextraction [8][9][10][11] . However, the classical solid-liquid extraction with organic solvents, commonly followed by appropriate clean-up procedures, has been one of the most 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 widely used in pesticide residue analysis (PRA) in soils, employing mechanical agitation and/or ultrasounds 12,13 .…”

Rapid analysis of pyrethroid insecticides in aquaculture seawater samples viamembrane-assisted solvent extraction coupled with gas chromatography-electron capture detection

“…[5][6][7] GC-ECD, with its sufficient sensitivity and selectivity for most pyrethroid insecticides as well as lower costs compared to GC-MS or high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), is usually employed. 8 Furthermore, because of the typically low concentrations of pyrethroid insecticides in aqueous samples, the sample pretreatment approach, such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), 9 solid-phase extraction (SPE), 10 stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), 11 solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and liquidphase microextraction (LPME), 12,13 are now commonly adopted.…”